Care of Anaesthetised Animal

Question 1

What is IPPV?

Answer 1

Intermittent positive pressure ventilation

Question 2

What is possible limitation of IPPV?

Answer 2

Usually, intrapleural pressure is always >0. However, in IPPV, it is always >0, and this can decrease venous return and cardiac output.

Question 3

If administering IPPV, what tidal volume, rate, end tidal CO2 should you aim for?

Answer 3

Tidal volume = 10-15ml/kg
Rate = 10-20bpm
End tidal CO2 = 35-45mmHG (normal)

Question 4

What is positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)?

Answer 4

It is a pressure that stops the lung from completely collapsing at expiration.

Question 5

How many BPM would you consider bradycardia in SA and horses? What can cause bradycardia?

Answer 5

<26bpm in horses

Causes: high vagal tone, electrolyte disturbances, hypothermia, drugs (alpha 2 agonists, opioids)

Question 6

How would you treat bradycardia in an anaesthetised animal?

Answer 6

Check parameters and depth, may give atropine or glycopyrrolate.

Question 7

How many BPM would you consider tachycardia in SA and horses? What can cause tachycardia?

Answer 7

> 180bpm in SA, >50 bpm in horse

Causes: high catecholamines (pain), hyperthermia, anaemia, drugs, tachyarrhythmias

Question 8

How would you treat tachycardia in an anaesthetised animal?

Answer 8

Check parameters and depth, rule out and treat underlying causes.

Question 9

How would you treat AV block in an anaesthetised animal?

Answer 9

Define cause if possible, may use atropine or glycopyrrolate.

Question 10

What can cause ventricular arrhythmias in anaesthetised animals?

Answer 10

Hypercapnia, hypoxia, electrolyte disturbances. They are common with liver/splenic mass.

Question 11

How would you treat ventricular tachycardia in an anaesthetised animal?

Answer 11

Determine cause and fix. May give Lidocaine (2-4mg/kg slow IV bonus dog/horse, then CRI at 10-100mg/kg/min).