Rules/Las Reglas Flashcards
H
Is silent
B & V
Same pronounciation
Days of the week and months
aren’t captailized
When responding negatively to a Q
Say No twice i.e “No,no es intersante”
P
Pronounced like the Eng. p w/o the puff of air that follows i.e Pesos
T
Place tip of tongue against the back of the upper teeth, i.e Optimista
C
C b4 the consonant “a”, “o”, “u”, is pronounced like “K” i.e Carro
C
B4 “e” or “i” is pronounced like “c” i.e Cena
Que
B4 “e” or “i” is pronounced like “K”
S & Z
Pronounced as “s” i/e Zeta
The letter “Y” changes to “E” when it precedes a word beginning with the “I” sound
Spanish words are typically linked together in normal speech. If a Spanish word ends in a consonant and the next word begins with a vowel, that consonant forms a syllable with the following vowel.
- Nosotros hablamos español.
- Practicamos en la clase.
- Ellos estudian español.
- Ellas enseñan a las ocho.
If a word ends in A,E, orOand the next word begins with one of these vowels, but not the same one, the resulting combination is linked.
- Ana es optimista.
- Paco está en la clase.
- No habla español
If a word ends in a vowel and the next word begins with the same vowel sound, the two vowels are linked in careful speech. In rapid speech, the two vowels are pronounced as one.
- una amiga americana
- ocho horas
- estudia alemán
When two words are linked by any combination ofa,e, orowithioru, the vowels form a diphthong, which is pronounced as one syllable.
- mi amigo
- la universidad
- la historia
- habla inglés
Adjectives of nationality are not capitalized in Spanish
cubano/a
dominicano/a
etc
The adjective is found after the noun= Noun>Adjective
i.e La profesora (noun) es interesante (adjec)
Must agree in gender and number w/ pronouncs it describes
Adjectives
The (def. article)
1) El, masc, singular
2)La , fem, singular
3)Los, masc, plural
4)Las, fem, plural
A, an, some (indef. article)
1) Un, masc. singular
2) Una, fem, singular
3) Unos, masc, plural
4) Unas, fem, plural
Ending in -o
Masculino
Ending in -a
Feminino
All the words that modify a noun must have the same gender
adjectives
Ending in -dad, ción, sión
Feminino, la, una
Ending in -ma
Masculinio, el, un
To make consonant ending feminine
Add “a”
Ending in -ante, ente
Fem or masc
Use def. articles when talking about someone
i.e El profesor Campos es el director del laboratorio
Ending -s to form plural nouns that end in a vowel
i.e Libros
Ending -es to nouns ending in a consonant
i.e
Nouns that end -z change to -c b4 es
i.e Lapices
Sometimes lost of accent occurs
Mixed groups use masc. plural forms
i.e Los chicos
Estar + adjective
expresses a change from the norm, a condition, or how the
speaker feels about or perceives a person, object, or experience.
i.e Jorge está delgado. Jorge is/looks thin.
63
Estar (ehs- stahr)
To be; location, emotions, states of being (temporary)
Ser (sehr)
To be; to identify, describe, personality, nationality, when/where an event is taking place, permanent
1)Comó es ella
2)Ella es Jamaicana
3) La clase es a las nueve
Ser+de
Express origin, possession, or material of something i.e
1) Cinia es de Estados Uninidos
2)el reloj es de oro
The adjectives ___, ____, and___ are always used with estar.
contento/a, cansado/a, and enojado/a
Some adjectives have one meaning with ser and another with estar.
1)Ese señor es malo.
That man is bad/evil.
2)Ese señor está malo. That man is ill.
3)La profesora es aburrida. The professor is boring.
4)La profesora está aburrida. The professor is bored
De quién
A
Whose, i.e
1) De quién es el apartamento?
2) Es de…
Possessive ads
1) Modify nouns to express possession
2) Always precede the noun they modify
i.e mi amigo
Adjectives change number to agree with what is possessed, not the possessor
i.e Mis clases
Nosotros/as y vuestros/as forms must agree also in gender
i.e Nuestras amigas
Su and sus have multiple meanings.
Use DE+ the name of possessor i.e la compañera de Jorge
Su and sus have multiple meanings.
Use the appropriate noun instead of su/sus i.e la compañera de ella
Su and sus have multiple meanings.
Use “usted” or “ustedes”
1) el libro de usted
2) el libro de ustedes
Su and sus have multiple meanings.
Use “sus” instead
1) sus libros
Gustar
to be pleasing, to fascinate, to like
Use: ME GUSTA+INFINITIVE
Use: NO ME GUSTA+ INFINITIVE
To express that u like someone or something
Use: ME GUSTA+ SINGULAR NOUN
Use: ME GUSTAN+ PLURAL NOUN
To ask people what they like
Use: TE GUSTA(N) (informal)
Use: LE GUSTA(N) (formal)
To state what another person likes
Use: A+ NAME(S) OF PERSON(S) + LE GUSTA(N)
Used to emphasize
When talking about the preferences of more than one person
Use: A+ NAMES + LES GUSTA(N)
Sentence structures 1
Subject: What’s pleasing
Object: The person pleased
Sentence structures 2
Conjugated to agree with subject
Sentence structures 3
Indirect object pronoun agrees with object
Sentence structures 4
Order of phrases can be changed to mention the object 1st i.e
le gustan las matematicas
Sentence structures 5
Gusta + infinitive, third person singular
Gusta form is always used
Sentence structures 6
Verbs that use gustar sentence structure
-encantar
-faltar
-fascinar
-interesar
-molestar
-parcecer
-quedar
Forms of gustar for clarity and emphasis
-A mí (no) me gusta
-A tí (no) te gusta
-A (name) le gusta
Adjectives change number to agree with what is possessed, not the possessor
i.e Mis clases
Nosotros/as y vuestros/as forms must agree also in gender
i.e Nuestras amigas
Su and sus have multiple meanings.
Use DE+ the name of possessor i.e la compañera de Jorge
Su and sus have multiple meanings.
Use the appropriate noun instead of su/sus i.e la compañera de ella
Su and sus have multiple meanings.
Use “usted” or “ustedes”
1) el libro de usted
2) el libro de ustedes
Su and sus have multiple meanings.
Use “sus” instead
1) sus libros
Gustar
to be pleasing, to fascinate, to like
Use: ME GUSTA+INFINITIVE
Use: NO ME GUSTA+ INFINITIVE
To express that u like someone or something
Use: ME GUSTA+ SINGULAR NOUN
Use: ME GUSTAN+ PLURAL NOUN
To ask people what they like
Use: TE GUSTA(N) (informal)
Use: LE GUSTA(N) (formal)
To state what another person likes
Use: A+ NAME(S) OF PERSON(S) + LE GUSTA(N)
Used to emphasize
When talking about the preferences of more than one person
Use: A+ NAMES + LES GUSTA(N)
Sentence structures 1
Subject: What’s pleasing
Object: The person pleased
Sentence structures 2
Conjugated to agree with subject
Sentence structures 3
Indirect object pronoun agrees with the object
Sentence structures 4
The order of phrases can be changed to mention the object 1st i.e
le gustan las matematicas
Sentence structures 5
Gusta + infinitive, third person singular
Gusta form is always used
Sentence structures 6
Verbs that use gustar sentence structure
-encantar
-faltar
-fascinar
-interesar
-molestar
-parcecer
-quedar
Forms of Gustar for clarity and emphasis
-A mí (no) me gusta
-A tí (no) te gusta
-A (name) le gusta
The letter Y changes to Ewhen it precedes a word beginning with the I sound (which may include words that start with I)
I.e inglés y español, but español einglés; inteligente y agradable, but agradable einteligente
Words that are stressed on the next-to-last syllable have no written accent if they end inn,s, or a vowel. They do have a written accent if they end in any other letter.
i.e examen, casas, cena sopa, lechuga, tomate
Remember, words stressed on the next-to-last syllable have an accent mark if they do not end inn,s, or a vowel. The following words are outside these parameters and therefore must carry an accent.
i.e lápiz, útil, débil, mártir, Félix, carácter
All words that are stressed on the third syllable from the end of the word must have a written accent.
Interrogative and exclamatory words have a written accent on the vowel of the stressed syllable. For example, in the interrogative wordcómo,a written accent is needed over the stressedoof the first syllable.
Cómo, etc
