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Medical terminology > Rules > Flashcards

Rules Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 7 where stress fall on the 2nd last vowel sound?

A
  • oma
  • itis
  • osis
  • ic
  • ion (un sound)
  • rrhea
  • esis
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2
Q

What’s -esis are exceptions to the 2nd last vowel sound?

A
  • genesis

- emesis

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3
Q

What rule does -genesis and -emesis follow?

A

Stress on 3rd to last vowel sound

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4
Q

What rule does -blast follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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5
Q

What rule does -cele follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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6
Q

What rule does -clast follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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7
Q

What rule does -cyte follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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8
Q

What rule does -gram follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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9
Q

What rule does -graph follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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10
Q

What rule does -pexy follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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11
Q

What rule does -plasm follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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12
Q

What rule does -plasty follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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13
Q

What rule does -scope follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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14
Q

What rule does -tome follow?

A

Stresses on the root

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15
Q

What rule does -tripsy follow?

A

Stresses on root

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16
Q

Spell the combining forms of coccyx, larynx and pharynx?

A

Coccyg/o
Laryng/o
Pharyng/o
(Drops the X and add a g/o)

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17
Q

What vowel is stressed in coccygeal, laryngeal, and pharyngeal?

A

The y on all 3 are stressed

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18
Q

What vowel is stressed in anabolism, catabolism, and metabolism?

A

3rd last vowel

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19
Q

What is stressed in mediastinum? Why?

A

2nd to last vowel (i) - um like un (ion)

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20
Q

What is stressed in peritoneum? Why?

A

2nd last vowel (e) - um like un

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21
Q

What is stressed in inguinal? Why?

A

3rd last vowel (I at the start) - ui is one vowel sound together

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22
Q

What is the stress on for -blast and -clast?

A

Stresses on root

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23
Q

What is the stress on for -gram, -graph and -graphy?

A
  • gram and -graph stress on root

- graphy is general rule

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24
Q

What is the stress on for -scope and -scopy?

A
  • scope tresses on root

- scopy is general rule

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25
Q

What is the stress on for -plasm, -plasty and -pathy?

A
  • plasm and -plasty stresses on root

- pathy is general rule

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26
Q

What is the stress on for -tome and -tomy?

A
  • tome stresses on root

- tomy is general rule

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27
Q

What is the difference between -trophy and -plasia?

A
  • trophy = development for cell size

- plasia = development for cell number

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28
Q

What happens when you pair -stomy with one root? 2 roots?

A 
One = opening to outside 
Two = connection between
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29
Q

What is the difference with syn- and sym-?

A

Both mean with or together
Sym- pair with roots starting with b, m, p
Syn- pair with any other roots

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30
Q

What are the 2 ways to use pro-?

A

Before (time)
Forward (motion)
*must use specific one

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31
Q

What are the 2 ways to use para-?

A

Abnormal
Beside/near
*use specific one

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32
Q

What is the difference between the/o and top/o?

A 
The/o = place as a verb (action)
Top/o = place as a noun (location)
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33
Q

What is the different meanings of -gram, -graph and -graphy?

A
  • gram = record
  • graph = instrument to record
  • graphy = process of recording
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34
Q

What is the different meanings of -scope and -scopy?

A
  • scope = instrument to visual examination

- scopy = process of visual examination

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35
Q

What does hemostasis and ischemia mean?

A

Hemostasis - normal stoppage of blood flow (clotting)

Ischemia - abnormal loss of blood flow (holding back of blood)

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36
Q

What are the meanings of -malacia and -sclerosis?

A
  • malacia = softening

- sclerosis = hardening

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37
Q

What are the different meanings of -algia, -dynia, and dys-?

A

-algia and -dynia = pain

Dys- = painful, bad, abnormal, difficult

38
Q

Difference between -tomy and -ectomy?

A
  • tomy = in/cis/ion - cutting into

- ectomy = re/sect/ion - cutting out or removal

39
Q

What are the different meanings of -penia, -plasty, -ptosis, and -pexy?

A
  • penia =deficiency
  • plasty = surgical repair
  • ptosis = drooping, sagging
  • pexy = fixing, fastening (fixes ptosis)
40
Q

What is the difference between my/o and myel/o?

A 
My/o = muscle 
Myel/o = spinal cord or bone marrow
41
Q

What is the difference between Ec-, ecto- and ex-?

A

Ec- and ecto- = out, outside

Ex- = out, away from

42
Q

What is the difference between dys-, mal-, and eu-?

A 
Dys- = bad, painful, difficult, abnormal 
Mal- = bad
Eu- = good, normal
43
Q

What is the difference between -lapse and -ptosis?

A
  • lapse = slide, fall, sag

- ptosis = droop, sag, prolapse (forward slide)

44
Q

Difference between the/o and thel/o?

A 
The/o = to place (verb)
Thel/o = nipple
45
Q

Difference between ante- and anti-?

A 
Ante- = before
Anti- = against
46
Q

Difference between per- and peri-?

A 
Per- = through
Peri- = surrounding
47
Q

Difference between infra-, intra- and inter-?

A 
Infra- = below, beneath 
Intra- = within, into
Inter- = between
48
Q

Difference between -pnea and -penia?

A
  • pnea = breathing

- penia = deficiency

49
Q

What is stressed in duodenum, jejunum and ileum?

A 
Duodenum = on e or o (both accepted) 
Jejunum = first u 
Ileum = i
50
Q

What is stressed in -rrhage, -rrhagia, -rrhea, and -rrhapy?

A
  • rrhage = stress of root
  • rrhagia = stress on 3rd to last vowel (first a)
  • rrhea = stress on 2nd to last (e)
  • rrhapy = stress on 3rd to last vowel (combining vowel)
51
Q

What is stressed in -stenosis, -ectasis, - ectasia, and -tresia?

A
  • stenosis = 2nd to last vowel
  • ectasis = 3rd to last vowel (e)
  • ectasia = 3rd to last vowel (first a)
  • tresia = 3rd to last vowel (e)
52
Q

What is stressed in -ptosis and -ptysis?

A
  • ptosis = 2nd to last vowel (o)

- ptysis = 3rd to last vowel (combining vowel)

53
Q

What is stressed in -emesis and emetic?

A 
-emesis = 3rd to last vowel (first e)
Emetic = 2nd to last vowel (second e)
54
Q

What is stressed of -poiesis and -poientin?

A
  • poiesis = 2nd to last vowel (e)

- poientin = 3rd to last vowel (o - ie makes one sound)

55
Q

What is stressed in -gravida and -arche?

A
  • gravida = 3rd (first a)

- arche = 2nd (a)

56
Q

What is stressed in hemostasis and metastasis?

A 
Hemostasis = 3rd (o)
Metastasis = 3rd (a)
57
Q

What is stressed in -cyesis, -partum, -ptosis?

A
  • cyesis = 2nd (e)
  • partum = 2nd (a)
  • ptosis = 2nd (o)
58
Q

What is stressed in hydrocele?

A

Stressed on root = y

59
Q

What is stressed in epididymis?

A

3rd = middle i

60
Q

What is stressed in bulbourethral?

A

2nd = e

61
Q

What is stressed in ejaculation?

A

2nd = a (i and o as 1)

62
Q

What is stressed in ejaculatory?

A

Stress on root = first a

63
Q

What is stressed in syncope?

A

3rd = y

64
Q

What is stressed in meninges?

A

2nd - i

65
Q

What is stressed in myelin?

A

3rd = y

66
Q

What is stressed in thalamus?

A

3rd = first a

67
Q

What is stressed is systole and diastole?

A 
Systole = 3rd (y)
Diastole = 3rd (a)
68
Q

What is stressed in -meter?

A

3rd = on combining vowel

69
Q

What is stressed in mediastinum?

A

2nd = last i

70
Q

What is stressed in atelectasis? atelectasia?

A 
atelectasis = 3rd (last e)
atelectasia = 3rd (middle a)
71
Q

What is stressed in edema? Empyema?

A 
Edema = 2nd (last e)
Empyema = 2nd (last e)
72
Q

What is stressed in -penia?

A

3rd = e

73
Q

What is stressed in olecranon?

A

3rd = e

74
Q

What is stressed in acetabulum?

A

3rd = 2nd a

75
Q

What is stressed in malleolus?

A

2nd or 3rd

76
Q

What is stressed in foramen?

A

2nd = a

77
Q

What is stressed in trochanter?

A

2nd = a

78
Q

What is stressed in talipes?

A

3rd = i

79
Q

What is stressed in -physis?
Symphysis
Epiphysis
Diaphysis

A

Stress on root
Symphysis = first y
Epiphysis = first i
Diaphysis = a

80
Q

What is stressed in albino? Albinism?

A 
Albino = 2nd (i)
Albinism = 3rd (first i)
81
Q

What is stressed in melanin? Melanocyte?

A 
Melanin = 3rd (e)
Melanocyte = stress on root (a)
82
Q

What is stressed in paronychium?

A

3rd = y

83
Q

What is stressed in onycholysis?

A

3rd = second o

84
Q

What is stressed in onchomycosis?

A

2nd = last o

85
Q

What is stressed in sebaceous?

A

4th = a

86
Q

What is stressed in seborrhea?

A

2nd = last e

87
Q

What is stressed in alopecia?

A

3rd = e

88
Q

What is stressed in integumentary?

A

3rd = last e

89
Q

What is stressed in rhytidectomy?

A

3rd = e

90
Q

What is stressed in squamous?

A

3rd = a

91
Q

What is stressed in -opia, -opsia and -tropia?

A
  • opia = 3rd (o)
  • opsia = 3rd (o)
  • tropia =3rd (o)
92
Q

What is stressed in meatus, cerumen and malleus?

A

Meatus - 2nd = a
Cerumen - 2nd = u
Malleus - 3rd = a

Medical terminology (18 decks)

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