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Med Past > Rulers > Flashcards

Rulers Flashcards

1
Q

Land Ownership, Egypt

A
  • Land Owned by the King and Temples -but texts are not clear - even land owned by temples may ultimately be owned by the King, but may just be leased on a very long term basis
  • Based on texts known, there is not private, inheritable ownership of land
  • Land leased to individuals - peasant farmers who will have to pay tax but will be allowed to live and grow on this land
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2
Q

Land Ownership, Mesopotamia

A
  • Land Owned by the King and Temples -but texts are not clear - even land owned by temples may ultimately be owned by the King, but may just be leased on a very long term basis
  • Private individuals also allowed to own some land
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3
Q

Marriage in Egypt

A

(Implied from documents)

  • No evidence for ceremony
  • Civil contract?
  • Term for marriage = ‘to move in with’
  • Either party could initiate a divorce
  • Wife entitled to 1/3rd of her husbands property when he died
  • Estate divided among their children
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4
Q

Marriage in Babylonia

A

(Legal codes extant)

  • Elaborate rites inc. engagement/marriage contract, temple offerings, payment of the families of the bride/groom to each other (dowry and bride price) and ceremony/feast
  • Bride moves to her father in laws home
  • Could be nullified by non-virginity of bride or barrenness, for return of dowry
  • Children by female servants/slaves could be legitimised
  • Divorce generally initiated by husband
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5
Q

Laws of Ur-nammu

A

-death penalty for murder and robbery and women who cheat

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6
Q

Laws of Hammurabi

A
  • An eye for an eye, literally
  • If the eye belongs to a slave or freeman you could pay instead - Half the fine for hurting a slave than you would get for hurting a freeman
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7
Q

Egypt: Regional Administration

A

Nomes - division of Egypt into regions
-Nomarch - regional leader - power differs over time
• 20 Lower Egypt
• 22 Upper Egypt
Local Administration
• Mayor
• Local Council - may deal with local crimes, have some legal power

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8
Q

Vizier

A

Egyptian Prime Minister - second only to the king

  • at some periods one for each half of country
  • chief judge
  • chief executive of palace
  • founded dyn XVIII
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9
Q

Overseer of the Seal

A

Egyptian Chancellor - just below or in parallel to the vizier

  • Senior financial role, esp. taxation
  • Seal of treasuries, granaries
  • Judicial role
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10
Q

Other Egyptian Overseers (2nd Tier Offices of State)

A
  • Overseer of the Granary- grain supply
  • Overseer of Houses of Gold and Silver- treasury
  • Overseer of the Gate - controlled access to the palace
  • Royal Herald -acted as king’s agent in palace and beyond
  • Royal Messengers
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11
Q

Royal Household

A
  • separate from state organisation
  • Chief Steward of king
  • Royal Butler
  • Child of the kap
  • Royal Nurse
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12
Q

Offices of Nubia (Kush)

A
  • Conquered and becomes an integral part of Egypt in the New Kingdom, but has a separate viceroyalty
  • Viceroy of Nubia
  • Deputy of Lower Nubia
  • Deputy of Upper Nubia
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13
Q

Religious Figures

A
  • 1st Prophet
  • 2nd Prophets
  • Lector Priests
  • God’s Fathers
  • Pure- Priests
  • Chantresses
  • Many priests and prophets had a different, regular job and would only be a priest for a month out of a year
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14
Q

Crown Iconography

A
  • White crown - Upper Egypt (South)
  • Red crown - Lower Egypt (North)
  • Double crown - pharaohs, and their Horus
  • Blue crown - New Kingdom pharaohs in battle and ceremonies
  • Uraeus - stylized, upright form of an Egyptian cobra, used as a symbol of sovereignty, royalty, deity and divine authority in ancient Egypt - shows legitimacy of pharoahs
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15
Q

Modes of Succession

A

-

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16
Q

Female Kings of Egypt

A

e.g. Hatsheput, Sobkneferu, Tawosret, Cleopatra

17
Q

Mesopotamian Kings

A
  • Appointed by gods as their representatives on earth, to maintain order and laws
18
Q

Officials in Assyria

A 
• Commander-in-chief 
• Treasurer 
• Chief cupbearer 
• Chief eunuch 
• Palace herald 
• Vizier 
• Chief judge 
-“Deputy” system
-some officials provided  year-names: 'eponym' system
19
Q

Minoan Palaces

A

Knossos, Phaistos

20
Q

Organisation of Mycenae

A

-Bronze supplied by 32 different officials
-Regional organisation of Kingdom of Pylos
-Hither Province along coast
-Further Province –
Messenia
-Each province – 16 districts
-Each district governor & deputy governor

21
Q

Megarons

A

Large central, highly decorated throne rooms e.g. Palace of Nestor, Pylos

22
Q

The Polis

A
  • Less a territorial grouping than as a religious and political association:
  • most composed of several tribes/phylai,
  • composed of phratries (common-ancestry lineages), and génea (extended families)
  • Synoecism/conurbation:
  • absorption of nearby villages and countryside
  • incorporation of their tribes into the substructure of the polis.
  • Self-governance, autonomy, and independence (city-state)
  • Own coinage
  • Colonies founded by the oikistes of the metropolis
23
Q

Classical Greece- Political Life

A
  • sovereign Ekklesia (assembly of all adult male citizens)
  • the standing boule and other civic or judicial councils
  • the archons and other officials/magistrates elected by vote or by lot
  • laws, decrees, and major fiscal accounts published
  • criminal and civil trials were held in public.
24
Q

Social classes and citizenship in Classic Greece

A

generally divided into four types of
inhabitants, usually determined by birth:
• Citizens with full legal and political rights
• free adult men born legitimately of citizen parents
• had the right to vote, be elected into office, and bear arms,
and the obligation to serve when at war.
• Citizens without formal political rights but with full legal rights:
• Citizens’ female relatives and underage children (political rights
and interests meant to be represented by adult male relatives).
• Citizens of other poleis: (métoikoi):
• had full legal rights but no local political rights
• had full personal and property rights, albeit subject to taxation.
• Slaves: chattel of their owners
• no privileges other than those that their owner would grant (or
revoke) at will

25
Q

Architectural features of the polis

A

Agora
• Acropolis (temple vice Mycenaean palace)
• Public, religious, and private structures:
• Temples, altars, and sacred precincts: one or more dedicated to
patron deity of the city
• Gymnasia
• Theatres
• Walls (protective)

26
Q

Athenian Agora

A

-

27
Q

Agricultural

A
  • Large portion of the population are farmers
  • Agricultural surplus the basis of creation of monuments, buildings, civilizations
  • Land ownership underpins wealth
  • Writing came about due to need to keep track of grain production/used for administrative tasks
  • Important administrative areas based around rivers
  • Farmers would have been conscripted for major building projects when the fields flooded during inundation
28
Q

Urbanism

A
  • Must smaller proportion of the population initially as most settlements are villages with a focus on agriculture
  • Cities few and far between, e.g. Babylon, Tell el-Amarna
  • Tend to be built around sanctuaries and regional governments
  • Often tells/huyuks/tepes, on top of each other

Med Past (11 decks)

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