Rule-governed Behaviour

Question 1

What is behaviour?

Answer 1

• Everything a living human does
• “Outer” behaviour
  Effect the environment
  More concrete
• “Inner” behaviour
  Feelings
  Thoughts (hard to know exactly)
  Physiological reactions
  The core in psychological problems
• With analysis think of:
  Frequency
  Intensity
  Duration

Question 2

Beteendeset

Answer 2

• Att betrakta tankar+ känslor + yttre vid analys av problem
• De har alla ett samband med varandra

Question 3

Svallvåg av beteenden

Answer 3

• En stimulus påverkar en, vilket ger ett beteende
• Liknande stimuli kan göra att beteendet ökar i frekvens och/eller duration

Question 4

Vad är orsaksfällan?

Answer 4

• Att tro att tankar eller känslor orsakar yttre beteende
• Kommer från att människor förklarar deras problem med känslor/tankar
• Hur man beter sig beror oftast på tidigare erfarenheter
• Tänk på varför en person gör ett beteende, vad är grundorsaken?

Question 5

Contingency Contract

Answer 5

1. Put it in writing
   2- Have effective behavioral consequencs
2. Have your progress monitored once a week
3. Specify the contingencies

• The tasks in writing are rule-governed behaviour

Question 6

What is a rule?

Answer 6

• A description of a behavioural contingencies
• Usually verbal prompt or written down
• Consists of occasion, response and consequence (sometimes one thing can be implicit - “drive safely”
• The rule is facts about the contingency
• Can be given by others or oneself

Question 7

What is rule-governed behaviour?

Answer 7

• Behaviour under the control of a rule
• They can be both harmful and useful for a person - if you do follow them
  If i work out 3 times a week I will look better in a few weeks
  If i make a party no one will come (these can lead to inflexibility if you follow them)

Question 8

What is contigency-shaped behaviour?

Answer 8

• Behaviour under the control of a direct-acting contingency
• Such as instant punishment/reinforcement

Question 9

Self-management

Answer 9

• The use of contingency contract
• where the person whose behaviour is getting managed
• determines/performs one or more component of that contract

Question 10

What is the difference between rule-governed behaviour and behavioral contingencies?

Answer 10

• Rules can be internalized in the sense that we can say them to ourselves, we do not internalize contingencies
• Think of norms

Question 11

Tänkande och inlärningspsykologi

Answer 11

• Svårt att argumentera för att tänkande saknar relevans för mänskligt beteende
• Kallas för privata händelser, är ett dolt fenomen för en utomstående
• Skinner hävdar respondent och operanta principer kunde användas för att förutsäga och kontrollera privata händelser
• Se det som är ett tyst verbalt beteende

Question 12

Språkets koppling till tänkande

Answer 12

• Att se tankar som ett form av språkande
• Språk spelar en central funktion i sociala sammanhang
  Vi lär oss prata från andra
  Varna andra människor

Question 13

Talare och lyssnare

Answer 13

• Det talaren säger har en effekt på lyssnaren
• Ett beteende som blir stärkt av lyssnarens beteende
• Behov av talare och lyssnare

Question 14

Vad är takta?

Answer 14

• En central del av språkinlärning
  T ex peka på en ko som möts av förstärkande konsekvenser

Question 15

What are the types of contingencies are there?

Answer 15

• Indirect - but we are aware of the rule , require more steps (waking up in the morning, getting to school), we do them despite even if reinforcement or punishment happen on our behaviour (often rule-governed behaviour)
• Ineffective - those we dont follow
• Direct - consequence immediately

Question 16

What are the requirements to follow rule-governed contingencies?

Answer 16

• Verbal ability
• To be able to follow rules
• Self-evaluation
• The consequences are clear and connected to the contingency
• The consequences need to be effective

Question 17

How does the consequence influence indirect contingencies?

Answer 17

• If the rule aint “true” youre less likely to follow it
• If the rule confirm the consequence, we are more likely to follow it again
• If the rule never gets tested, high chance it will stay

Question 18

What makes us continue following rules?

Answer 18

• A reinforcer is contingent with that rule-governed behaviour
• Avoidance of aversive stimuli is contingent with rule rule-governed behaviour
• A punisher is contingent when you dont follow the rule
• A loss of reinforcer is made contingent with not following the rule

Question 19

Pliance

Answer 19

• Rule-governed behaviour controlled by the social environment
  Titta till höger och vänster innan du gör över gatan för att inte bli skadad

Question 20

Tracking

Answer 20

• Rule-governed behaviour controlled by the consequence
  Om du vill äta god fika så ska du gå till Espresso House vid tågstationen”

Question 21

Deadlines and Rule-governed behaviour

Answer 21

• A lot of rule-governed behaviour is related to deadlines
• A deadline makes the conditions for the behaviour
• Deadlines are avoidance contingencies

Before - what you will loose
SD - before deadline
Sdelta - after deadline

Question 22

Vad är små, kumulative utfall?

Answer 22

• Negativa utfall där utfallet sker en lång tid efter konstant användet av ett beteende
• Att äta godis eller inte borsta tänderna leder till dålig tandhygien och ev skador - men tar lång tid
• Att använda tandtråd varje dag leder till bättre munhygien men tar lång tid

Question 23

Real cause of poor self-management

Answer 23

• Poor self-management results from
• poor control by rules describing
• outcomes that are either
• too small
• or too improbable.
• The delay isn´t crucial