Respondent Conditioning

Question 1

Whats the difference between respondent and operant conditioning?

Answer 1

• Respondent is a response we cant control, you use associations. Based on survival instincts (usually)
  Elicit physiological responses
• Operant is where a stimulus indicate a specific behaviour depending on the context
  It can start as a respondent conditioning - emotional responses are common- and be maintained by operant conditioning - Two-factor theory

Question 2

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 2

• Naturally evokes an unconditioned response
• No pairing
• Full bladder
• Food

Question 3

Neutral stimulus

Answer 3

• Does not elicit any particular response
• Door
• Bell

Question 4

Unconditioned response

Answer 4

• Comes as a natural consequence of an unconditioned stimulus
• Need to pee
• Drooling/ Salivating

Question 5

Conditioned response

Answer 5

• Comes as a result of conditioned stimulus after pairing
• Door + bladder = need to be(during conditioning)
• Bell + Food= drooling/salivating(during conditioning)

Question 6

What was Albert example about?

Answer 6

• Focused on classical conditioning to condition an emotional response
• Albert was exposed to stimuli
• White rat pair with loud noise
• Albert conditioned to fear white rat
• Stimulus generalization
  Other example
• Sushi
• Anxious + bed

Question 7

Higher order conditioning

Answer 7

• Establishing a conditioned stimulus
• by pairing a neutral stimulus
• with an already established stimulus

Food = Salivation
Food + Opening can = Salivation
Open cabinet + Opening can = Salivation
Open cabinet = Salivation

Question 8

How many pairings are needed for conditioning?

Answer 8

• It depends on preparedness
  Biological sensitivity
  How easily a person associates CS with US
• Previous learning and blocking effect after learning
  Info in the CS about the US
  Blocking - one pairing already exists ( 2 CS with 1 US)
• How salient the US is (air puff vs stabbing)
• Strength of the UR (slightly increased HR vs terrified)
• How salient CS is (weak vs loud sound)

Question 9

Fear learning

Answer 9

• We look for problems
• We are more prepared to make logical connections
  taste - nausea
• We learn more easily to be afraid of specific stimuli
  Animals - crawling ones
  Threatening/angry people
• Social fear learning
  Fear learning is influenced by social group affiliation, close groups or similar groups
  Observational learning of threat value

Question 10

Safety signals

Answer 10

• They predict the absence of the US (no longer scared)
• Disruption of extinction when safety signals are present when CS no longer paired with US
• Undermine effect of treatment involving extinction

Question 11

Respondent Extinction

Answer 11

• Continuously getting exposure without the response that created the association
• No longer presenting food when opening cabinet

Question 12

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 12

• Combining relaxing with
• hierarchy of fear producing stimuli,
• arranged from the least to the most frightening
• Used for phobia treatment
• Good as reinforcer
• In vivo - closer and closer to phobia
• Imagination