Rubins- Eye

Question 1

most common cause of exophthalmos?

Answer 1

hyperthyoidism- Graves disease

Question 2

T/F thyroidectomy would help in graves disease

Answer 2

FALSE- suprisingly it would hurt

Question 3

what are the usual glands obstructed in an hordeolum (sty)?

Answer 3

glands of zeis

sometimes the meibomian glands

Question 4

what can a hordeolum lead to?

Answer 4

a chalazion (chronic painless nodule)

Question 5

what condition:

“single or multiple soft yellow plaques in nasal aspect of upper and lower eyelids”

Answer 5

xanthelasma

Question 6

what disease leads to xanthelasma? what cells are seen?

Answer 6

patients with hyperlipidemia

foam cells

Question 7

what is it called when the upper cornea becomes fibrous and vascular in a trachoma infection?

Answer 7

a pannus

Question 8

what causes inclusion blennorrhea?

Answer 8

chlamydia infection of neonate going through infected birth canal

Question 9

what condition

“fold of vascularized conjunctiva that grows horizontally onto the cornea in the shape of an insect wing “

Answer 9

pterygium

Question 10

what condition

“yellowish conjunctival lump usually located nasal to corneoscleral limbus”

Answer 10

pinguecula

Question 11

what disease do you see lipshutz bodies?

Answer 11

reactive HSV1 infection

Question 12

what disease do you see disciform keratitis?

Answer 12

reactive HSV1 infection

Question 13

what disease do you see descemetocele?

Answer 13

reactive HSV1 infection

Question 14

what disease
“associated with dominant mutations in KRT3 or KRT12 genes. Mutations result in aggregations of abnormal cytokeratin filaments and severely impair cytoskeletal function in the affected cells”

Answer 14

meesmann dystrophy

Question 15

what disease

“TACSTD2 gene is mutated and amyloid is found beneath the corneal epithelium in gelantinous drop like deposits”

Answer 15

familial subepithelial cornea dystrophy

Question 16

what can mutations in a heat shock transcritpion factor 4 gene lead to?

Answer 16

cataracts

Question 17

what are cynechiae?

Answer 17

adhesions between the iris and either the lens or anterior chamber angle

Question 18

what condition can lead to mikilicz syndrome (bilateral enlargement of lacrimal and salivary glands)

Answer 18

sarcoidosis

Question 19

what type of hemorrhages and where are these located occur in central retinal vein occlusion

Answer 19

flame shaped hemorrhages in the nerve-fiber layer of the retina esp around optic disc

Question 20

what disease do you see “copper wiring” then “silver wiring”?

Answer 20

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 21

what is retinitis pigmentosa?

Answer 21

heritable cause of blindness

loss of retinal photoreceptors (rods and cones) and pigment accumulation in the retina

Question 22

describe dry (nonexudative) macular degeneration

Answer 22

characterized by layering of extracellular material beneath the pigment layer of the retina leading to formation of drusen (degraded material)

Question 23

describe wet (exudative) macular degeneration

Answer 23

choroidal neovascularization is accompanied by the leakage of fluid and blood into the subretinal space

Question 24

what type of tumor in the eye causes a mushroom shaped mass due to bruch membrane invasion

Answer 24

malignant melanoma

Question 25

patient presents with glass eye and large liver

what disease?

Answer 25

malignant melanoma

Question 26

what do we think this patient has:

“white pupil (leukocoria), squint (strabismus), poor vision, spontaneous hyphema or a red, painful eye”

Answer 26

retinoblastoma

Question 27

what disease do you see the “cats eye reflex”?

Answer 27

retinoblatoma

Question 28

describe the pathology of a retinoblastoma

Answer 28

cream colored tumor that contains scattered, chalky white, calcified flecks within yellow necrotic zones
cells can be arranged in a “flexner wintersteiner rossets”

Question 29

what 2 conditions do you see cherry red spot?

Answer 29

lysosomal storage diseases

central retinal artery occlusion

Question 30

what 2 conditions do you see cotton wool spots

Answer 30

diabetics and hypertension