CNS-developmental anomalies & spinal cord lesions & meningitis Flashcards
meningocele
protrusion of meninges
meninogomyelocele
protrusion of meninges and spinal cord
what disease
“congenital failure of the cerebellar vermis to develop”
dandy walker malformation
what disease
“congential downward displacement of cerebellar vermis and tonsils through foramen magnum”
arnold chiari malformation type II
syringomyelia- where does it occur
C8-T1
what is lost and what is still present in syringomyelia?
sensory loss of pain and temp
sparing fine touch and position sense in upper extremeties
what is knocked out in syringomyelia?
anterior white commissure of spinothalamic tract with sparing of dorsal column
what horn is damaged in poliomyelitis and werdnig hoffman disease?
anterior motor horn
what is damaged in ALS
degenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neurons in the corticospinal tract
what are the lower motor signs seen in ALS?
occur with anterior motor horn degradation-flaccid paralysis with muscle atrophy, fasciculations, weakness with decreased muscle tone, impaired reflexes and negative babinski sign
what are the upper motor signs seen in ALS
occur with lateral horn degradation- spastic paralysis with hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone and positive babinski sign
most ALS cases are sporadic, what can cause it in familial cases
zinc copper superoxide dismutase mutation (SOD1) creates free radicals
what are the 3 pathogens in neonatal meningitis?
GBS, e coli, listeria monocytogenes
what is the pathogen seen in children & teenager meningitis?
N. meningitidis
what is the pathogen seen in adults and elderly meningitis?
step pneumoniae
