head&neck-GI pathology

Question 1

what disease

“recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers and uveitis. due to immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels”

Answer 1

behcet syndrome

Question 2

what type of ulcer

“characterized by grayish base surrounded by erythema”

Answer 2

aphthous ulcer

Question 3

what disease

“vesicles involving oral mucosa that rupture, resulting in shallow, painful, red ulcers”

Answer 3

oral herpes

Question 4

what is the most common location for squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 4

floor of the mouth

Question 5

what 2 lesions are precursor lesions for squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 5

oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia

Question 6

if you have a white plaque in your mouth, how can you differentiate between causes?

Answer 6

if you can scrape it off-oral candidiasis

if its on the lateral side of the tongue-hairy leukoplakia

Question 7

true leukoplakia
candidiasis
hairy leukoplakia
^which of the 3 are considered pre-malignant

Answer 7

only true leukoplakia

Question 8

what is erythroplakia?

Answer 8

represents vascularized leukoplakia and highly suggestive of squamous cell dysplasia

Question 9

what glands does the mumps usually infect

Answer 9

parotid glands

Question 10

what 3 things can be see in a mumps infection

Answer 10

orchitis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis

Question 11

what age group should you be worried about orchitis? why?

Answer 11

teenagers above 10

can lead to sterility

Question 12

what is the most common cause of sialadenitis

Answer 12

obstructing stone leading to a staph infection

Question 13

what is a pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 13

benign tumor composed of stromal and epithelial tissue

Question 14

how does a pleomorphic adenoma present

Answer 14

usually in parotid

mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at the angle of the jaw

Question 15

why does pleomorphic adenomas have high recurrence ratE?

Answer 15

because irregular borders make total resection difficult

Question 16

what is one way to tell if a pleomorphic adenoma has progressed into carcinoma?

Answer 16

there is now pain (which means facial nerve was invaded)

Question 17

what is a warthin tumor? where does it arise?

Answer 17

cystic tumor with lymphoid tissue
parotid

-abundant lymphocytes with germinal centers

Question 18

what tumor

“malignant tumor composed of mucinous & squamous cells arising in the parotid”

Answer 18

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 19

After an infection, a patient notices a smooth lobulated, ulcerated mass of their gingiva, what is this?

Answer 19

a pyogenic granuloma

Question 20

What pathogens cause acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis? What are the symptoms?

Answer 20

fusospirochetosis - fusiform bacilus and spirochete

-punched out erosions of interdental papillae

Question 21

What cancer is notorious for causing petechiae of the gingiva?

Answer 21

acute monocytic leukemia

Question 22

What tumor “slow growing salivary malignancy with a cribiform growth patter, tends to invade locally and recur after surgery”

Answer 22

adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 23

What is the most common cause of suppurative ottis media?

Answer 23

S pneumoniae

Question 24

What is a major complication of a perforated tympanic membrane, due to an ottis media infection?

Answer 24

cholesteatoma - mass of accumulated keratin and squamous mucosa in the middle ear

Question 25

What is the most common benign tumor of the middle ear?

Answer 25

jugulotympanic paraganglioma

Question 26

What is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss?

Answer 26

otosclerosis

Question 27

What is the triad in meniere disease? What is the cause

Answer 27

vertigo, sensineural hearing loss, tinnitus

-hydropic distention of endolymphatic system of cochlea

Question 28

What is the most common cause of congenital hearing loss?

Answer 28

maternal infection with CMV or rubella

Question 29

What is the most common cause of unilateral, postnatal hearing loss?

Answer 29

infection with mumps

Question 30

What antibodies are present in wegners granulomatosis?

Answer 30

C-ANCA

Question 31

Where in the body does wegners granulomatosis tend to affect?

Answer 31

respiratory tract, kidneys, lungs

-necrotizing, ulcerated mucosal lesions