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Radiologic Technology > RT 210- CR/DR digital definitions > Flashcards

RT 210- CR/DR digital definitions Flashcards

1
Q

testing that occurs to ensure equipment or processes are functioning within acceptable limits

A

Acceptance testing

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2
Q

historical collection of images stored in PACS

A

archive

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3
Q

avoidable extraneous information on the image that interferes or distracts from image quality

A

artifacts

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4
Q

soft polymer that protects the back of the cassette

A

backing layer

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5
Q

label attached either to the cassette or to the imaging plate that identifies the plate for the purpose of matching the examination to the plate

A

barcode label

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6
Q

photostimulable phosphor located in the imaging plate

A

barium fluorohalide

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7
Q

contains a simple set of instructions for the computer to perform several basic functions, such as, boot up, run hardware diagnostics, interpret keyboard signals, and so on…

A

basic input/ output system (BIOS)

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8
Q

machine language of 1s and 0s

A

binary code

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9
Q

single unit of data

A

bit

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10
Q

series of connections, controllers, and chips that creates the information highway of the computer

A

bus

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11
Q

type of network setup in which each of the computers and network devices are connected to a single cable

A

bus topology

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12
Q

made up of 8 bits and is the amount of memory needed to store one alphanumeric character

A

byte

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13
Q

rigid plastic housing for the imaging plate

A

cassette

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14
Q

small chip found on the motherboard that manipulates data sent from a program; brains of the computer

A

central processing unit (CPU)

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15
Q

Newer type of amorphous silicon detector that uses a cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator; the scintillator is made by growing very thin crystalline needles (5 micrometers wide) that work as light-directing tubes, much like fiberoptics

A

cesium iodide scintillator (CsI)

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16
Q

coupling devices that act as cameras that link phosphor signals to a signal

A

charge-coupled device (CCD)

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17
Q

Similar to a server-based network, in that there is a centralized computer that controls the operations of the network, but rather than sending the entire original resource to the client for processing, the server processes the resource as requested by the client and returns only the result back to the client

A

client-based network

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18
Q

Area within the conductive layer where electrons are trapped

A

Color layer; also known as Phosphor Layer

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19
Q

Cassette-based digital radiography is the digital acquisition modality that uses storage phosphor plates to produce projection images

A

Computed Radiography (CR)

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20
Q

Programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data

A

Computer

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21
Q

Layer of material that will absorb and reduce static electricity

A

Conductive Layer

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22
Q

Alternative set of terms for total quality magement that includes maintenance of equipment, image acquistion, and processing standards

A

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI

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23
Q

Conversion of the digital image using contrast enhancement parameters

A

Contrast manipulation

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24
Q

Measurement of how efficiently a system converts x-ray input signal into a useful output image

A

Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE)

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25
Q

Actual physical size, length and width, of the x-ray detector

A

Detector Size

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26
Q

Digital imaging and communications in medicine; it is a global information technology standard that allows network communication between modality and PACS

A

DICOM

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27
Q

Any image acquisition process that produces an electronic image that can be viewed and manipulated on a computer

A

Digital Imaging

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28
Q

Cassette-less systems use an x-ray absorber material coupled to a flat panel detector or a charged-coupled device to form the image

A

Digital Radiography (DR)

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29
Q

digital storage device that can hold up to seven times more than the CD, which equates to about 9.4 (single-sided) to 17GB (double-sided) of data; in a DVD, there are multiple layers of the polycarbonate plastic

A

Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

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30
Q

These devices convert the incident x-ray energy directly into an electrical signal, typically using a photoconductor as the x-ray absorber and a thin-film transistor as the signal collection area, and send the electrical signal to the computer for processing and viewing

A

Direct Capture Digital Radiography

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31
Q

Conversion of X-ray energy to electrical signals without the light-conversion step

A

Direct Conversion

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32
Q

Generally a display monitor where postprocessing occurs or where images can be viewed

A

Display workstation

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33
Q

Printer that uses heat to develop the film

A

Dry Imager

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34
Q

Enhancement occurs when fewer pixels in the neighborhood are included in the signal average; the smaller the neighborhood, the greater the enhancement

A

Edge Enhancement

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35
Q

Term used by Kodak to express exposure values

A

Exposure Index (EI)

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36
Q

Device that scans hard copy x-ray images and converts them to digital images

A

Film Digitizer

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37
Q

Detector that consists of a photoconductor, wihich holds a charge on its surface that can be read out by a thin-film transistor

A

Flat Panel Detector

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38
Q

The number of grid lines per inch

A

Grid Frequency

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39
Q

The ratio of the height of the grid line to the width of the interspace material

A

Grid Ratio

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40
Q

The main repository for programs and documents on the computer

A

Hard Drive

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41
Q

Graphic representation of all of the digitally recorded signals of a digital x-ray exposure, measures amount of light/signal going to pixels or voxels

A

Histogram

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42
Q

Health Level 7; Standard protocol used for medical data systems

A

HL-7

43
Q

Information system used throughout the hospital, includes the direct patient care information, billing systems, and reporting systems

A

Hospital Information System (HIS)

44
Q

Identification of the top or side of an image

A

Image Orientation

45
Q

Process of “sewing” together multiple images to form one continuous image

A

Image Stitching

46
Q

Process of sending the digital image to PACS or CD

A

Image Storage

47
Q

Thin piece of plastic with several layers of material that capture and store image data

A

Imaging Plate

48
Q

Devices that absorb x-rays and convert them into light; the light is then detected by an area-charge-coupled device or thin-film transistor array in concert with photodiodes, and then converted into an electrical signal that is sent to the computer for processing and viewing

A

Indirect Capture Direct Radiography

49
Q

Two-step process in which x-ray photons are converted to light and then the light photons are converted to an electrical signal

A

Indirect Conversion

50
Q

Acronym meaning: kilovoltage peak

A

kVp

51
Q

Amplification of stimulated emission of radiation, a device that creates and amplifies a narrow, intense beam of coherent light

A

Laer

52
Q

The amount of error that can be made in exposure factor choices and still result in the capture of a quality image

A

Latitude

53
Q

Image manipulation parameter that changes screen image contrast usually through the use of a mouse

A

Level

54
Q

Small area networked with a series of cables or wireless access points so that the computers can share information and devices on the same network

A

Local Area Network (LAN)

55
Q

A term used by Agfa to express exposure to the imaging plate

A

Logarithm of the Median Exposure (IgM)

56
Q

Reference histgram of the luminance values derived during image acquisition

A

Look-up table (LUT)

57
Q

Short-term magnetic disk storage, usuallly found in arrays (RAID)

A

Magnetic Disk Storage

58
Q

Term for enlargement of an image in all dimensions without loss of sharpness

A

Magnification

59
Q

Acronym meaning: milliamperage per seconds

A

mAs

60
Q

Rectangular or square table of numbers that represent the pixel intensity to be displayed on the monitor

A

Matrix

61
Q

Used to store information being currently processed within the central processing unit

A

Memory

62
Q

The ability of a system to record available spatial frequencies

A

Modulation Transfer Function

63
Q

Grid line or image noise pattern that occurs when either the alignment of the grid to the laser scan direction is incorrect or when spatial frequency is greater than the Nyquist frequency; a wraparaound image will result

A

moire

64
Q

Largest circuitry board inside the computer; it contains many important small components to make the computer function properly

A

Motherboard

65
Q

Two or more objects sharing resources and informatio; interconnected computers, terminals, and servers connected by communication channels sharing data and program resources

A

Network

66
Q

When sampling a signal such as the conversion from an analog to a digital image, the sampling frequency must be greater than twice the bandwidth of the input signal so that the reconstruction of the original image will be nearly perfect

A

Nyquist Theorem

67
Q

Software that controls the computer hardware and acts as a bridge between applications and the hardware

A

Operating System (OS)

68
Q

Acronym meaning: Picture Archival and Communication System; consists of digital acquisition, display workstations, and storage devices interconnected through a network

A

PACS

69
Q

Input information regarding patient age, identifying number, ordering physician, and so on

A

Patient Demographics

70
Q

Layer of photostimuable phosphor that “traps” electrons during exposure; usually made of phosphors form the barium fluorohalide family (e.g., barium fluorohalide, chlorohalide, or bromohalide crystals)

A

Phosphor Layer

71
Q

Device used to measure the luminescence of areas on the monitor

A

Photometer

72
Q

Electronic device that amplifies light energy- image directly obtained (no cassette/film)

A

Photomultiplier

73
Q

Light produced by a phosphor when struck by light or x-ray photons

A

Photostimulable Luminescence

74
Q

Networked group of computers, servers, and archives that can be used to manage digital images

A

Picture Archival and Communication System

75
Q

The smallest/ basic picture element on a display

A

Pixel

76
Q

Delivers all electricity and provides connections to power devices in the computer

A

Power Supply

77
Q

Periodic testing of equipment and materials before problem occurrence

A

Preventative Maintenance (PM)

78
Q

Very thin, tough, clear plastic covering in the imaging plate for protection of the phosphor layer

A

Protective Layer

79
Q

Another term for quality management, which is now considered antiquated; typically focuses on the person rather than the process

A

Quality Assurance (QA)

80
Q

Subdivision of quality management that focuses on equipment functions

A

Quality Control (QC)

81
Q

A dedicated computer and monitor for the purpose of reviewing images

A

Quality Control (QC) station

82
Q

Failure of an imaging system to record densities usually caused by a lack of x-ray photons

A

Quantum Mottle

83
Q

Recording error in the digital image

A

Quantum Noise

84
Q

The information system used in the radiology department for ordering examinations and reporting results

A

Radiology Information System (RIS)

85
Q

Zigzag electron scanning pattern

A

Raster

86
Q

Composed of serveral magnetic disks or hard drives that are linked together in an arrya

A

Redundant Array o Independent Disks (RAID)

87
Q

Layer in the imaging plate that sends light in a forward direction when released in the cassette reader; this may be black to reduce the spread of stimulating light and the escape of emitted light; some detail is lost in this process

A

Reflective Layer

88
Q

Number of pixels contained on a display

A

Resolution

89
Q

Synonomous with preventitive maintainance of equipment that occurs before problem occurrences

A

Routine Maintenance

90
Q

Term used by Fuji Medical to express exposure

A

S, sensitivity number

91
Q

Computer that manages resources for other computers, servers, and networked devices

A

Server

92
Q

Used to blacken out the white collimation borders in a digital image, effectively eliminating veil glare

A

Shuttering

93
Q

Also known as low-pass filtering, the result of averaging each pixel’s frequency with surrounding pixel values to remove high frequency noise

A

Smoothing

94
Q

Reading images on the computer without hardcopy films

A

Softcopy

95
Q

Amount of detail or sharpness in a digital image

A

Spatial Frequency Resolution

96
Q

In conventional radiography, speed is determined by the size and layers of crystals in the film and screen; computed radiography system “speeds” are a reflection of the amount of photostimulable luminescence given off by the imaging plate while being scanned by the laser

A

Speed

97
Q

Network that has the devices connected to a central hub or switch

A

Star Topology

98
Q

Semigrid material in the imaging plate that gives the imaging sheet some strength

A

Support Layer

99
Q

Moving images via telephone lines to and from remote locations

A

Teleradiology

100
Q

The organization that accredits health care organizations, such as hospitals, clinics, and labs

A

The Joint Commission

101
Q

Photosensitive array, made up of small (about 100 to 200 micrometer) pixels, converts the light into electrical charges

A

Thin-Film Transistor (TFT)

102
Q

Physical (geometric) layout of the connected devices on a network

A

Topology

103
Q

Network that spans a large area, city, state, nation, continent, and/or world

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)

104
Q

Image manipulation parameter that changes screen image brightness usually through the use of a mouse

A

Window

Radiologic Technology (15 decks)

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