RT 207 Mid-term Flashcards
Rectal temperatures may be contraindicated because?
The procedure may stimulate the Vagus Nerve
A patient will be most comfortable when in severe abdominal pain when?
Lying recumbent, bolster under knees, head slightly raised
A Pig o Stat is used to immobilize infants for?
Upright chest radiography
Tom Bordin question is - hyperventilation
Blank
In electrocardiogram PVC stands for?
premature ventricular contraction
A normal oxygen saturation value is represented by what ______to _______%
95-100%
Not a factor seen when looking for signs in child abuse is….
A broken radius
When you have drained a urinary collection bag you should not ….
re-Insert the catheter back in the patient
When is it not advisable to take a patient’s temperature orally?
Patient is: just had a hot or cold beverage, breathing mask, breathing through mouth
A sight to monitor an irregular or slow pulse is?
The apex of the heart; apical pulse
What laboratory value is the best indicator for kidney function?
the creatinine
What blood pressure reading would fall into the range of being categorized as stage 1 hypertension?
140/90
What blood pressure reading would fall into the range of the new normal?
115/75
When a patient is experiencing tachypnea, he is breathing more than, how many breaths per minute?
20 breaths per minute
What laboratory test would not be performed to determine the blood’s ability to clot?
Hemoglobin Concentration
Tachycardia, along with a weak or thready pulse is usually a result of?
Low blood volume
Reducing the probability of infectious organisms to a susceptible individual is?
Medical Asepsis
Which of the following are not micro-organisms?
Fomites
What is involved in the body’s first line of defense against infection?
Answer (B)
These micro-organisms appear as yeasts or molds and infect the skin, nail beds, and scalp?
Fungi
What is involved in the cycle of infection?
Pathogen, Mode of Transmission, Susceptible Host
The portal of entry describes the mode by which the pathogen _________ the body.
enters the body
Upon completion of an isolation procedure, the first step is to?
Untie your waist belt
The transport of microorganisms by means of contaminated food,water, drugs, or blood is a ________.
Vehicle
According to the CDC, an inexpensive environmental surface germicide, that is effective against, HIV is a solution of?
1 part sodium hydro-chloride bleach, to 10 parts water
Sub-cellular organisms that are among the smallest disease causing micro-organisms are called?
Viruses
The practice of separating infectious patients from others and carefully controlling items that come in contact with these patients is called?
Isolation techniuqe
Under the system of protective pre-cautions the radiographer who handles the x-ray unit, drops the image receptor into a clean, sterile cover is known as?
Answer (D)
Which microorganism is classified according to their shape, and a staining process?
Bacteria
Passive Immunity is immunity that occurs as a result of?
A infection of pre-formed anti-bodies
Pre-cautions for the compromised patient may include : Answer (D)
- Cleaning equipment before entering the room
- Hand hygiene before entering the room
- The use of masks, gowns, and sometimes gloves
Blank
The portal of exit describes the method by which the pathogen ________ the body.
Exits the body
A spirosheek is an example of what kind of micro-organism
Bacterium
Single-celled animals that are classified according to whether or not they are motile are called?
Protozoa
When taking a radiograph of a patient with a contagious disease, what does the dirty radiographer do?
Positions the patient and the touches the covered image receptor
Properties of pathogens that distinguish them from normal flora are called?
Virulance factors
Any warm moist place, such as the human body, where microorganism can grow and reproduce, is called a?
Resevoir of infection
Which of the following describes the proper procedure for disposing of the needle and syringe after use?
Re-tract the needle, do not dispose of the syringe, and place in a sharps container
Which set of transmission based precautions is used for patients with multi-drug resistant wound infections?
Contact Pre-cautions
What type of mico-organisms that is very difficult to treat medically, becuase there are few effective medications?
Viruses
What is not considered a portal of entry for pathogenic organisms?
The Rectum
The current CDC recommendations for isolating patients with known is infections is called?
Transmission based precautions
Immunity that is passed from mother to child, from the mother’s milk is referred to as?
Passive Immunity
Malaria, Bubonic plague, rocky mountain spotted fever, are example of diseases that are spread by?
Vectors
SNM
Society of Nuclear Medicine
ISRRT
International Society of Radiographers and Radiological Technologists:
One of more than 70 national organizations of technologists around the world
SDMS
Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
AHRA
American Healthcare Radiology Administration
AVIR
Association of Vascular and Interventional Radiographers
Emergency Department Physician
Specializes in TRAUMA and EMERGENCY situations; a TRIAGE EXPERT in disaster situations.
Intensivist
Specialist, OFTEN a PULMONOLOGIST, who treats patients in the INTENSIVE CARE unit.
Orthopedic Surgeon
Diagnoses and treats problems of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Intentional Misconduct
Type of Tort that includes: ASSAULT, BATTERY, FALSE IMPRISONMENT, INVASION OF PRIVACY, LIBEL, and SLANDER (defamation of character)
Libel and Slander
Refer to malicious spreading of information that causes defamation of character or loss of reputation
Negligence
Refers to the neglect or omission of reasonable care or caution
Malpractice
Act of negligence in the context of a relationship between a professional person and a patient/client where the professional has a duty to provide reasonable care.
Gross Negligence
Negligent act that involves “reckless disregard for life and limb”
Contributory Negligence
Applies when the hospital as an entity is Negligent.
res ipsa loquitur
“The thing speaks for itself”
The only recognized professional society open to all radiologic technologists in the US today is the _____?
ASRT
The day-to-day scheduling of staff in the radiography department is the responsibility of the ______________?
Lead Radiographer (or Manager)
A Pulmonologist who practices exclusively in a hospital ICU may be referred to as ______.
Internist
Image Intensifier
Allows image to be viewed in ambient light rather than in the dark (original images were very dim)
Designed the first “HOT CATHODE” X-ray tube which became the prototype for modern X-ray tubes
William Coolidge
Determined as the OVERALL BLACKNESS of an image;
In film/screen, density is controlled by mAs (Greater mAs = Darker image)
Optical Density
- Developed FIRST FLUOROSCOPE.
- Developed many of the FLUORESCENT MATERIALS used in today’s imaging
Thomas Edison
Smallest unit of EM energy
Photon
Defined as the DIFFERENCE in the optical DENSITY of adjacent STRUCTURES within the image (primarily controlled by kVp).
Image Contrast
SHORTER wavelengths = ___ energy and ___ penetration of tissues
SHORTER wavelengths = MORE energy and GREATER penetration of tissues
An Increase in kVp = _______ Wavelength X-Rays
An Increase in kVp = SHORTER Wavelength X-Rays
Effects of SID and OID on Detail
Increase in SID = Increased Detail
Decrease in OID = Decreased Detail
Caused by UNEQUAL MAGNIFICATION of the parts in the subject:
Shape Distortion
Higher kVp = ___ contrast (___shades of gray)
Higher kVp = LOWER contrast (MORE SHADES of gray)
Greater mAs = _____ x-ray photons = _____ image
Greater mAs = MORE x-ray photons = DARKER image
FIRST documented MEDICAL USE of X-ray in US (boy’s fractured wrist) at Dartmouth Colle
February 1896
Lower kVp = ___contrast (___ shades of gray)
Lower kVp = HIGHER contrast (FEWER shades of gray)
Discovered INTERRUPTERLESS TRANSFORMERS that provided the necessary electricity for X-ray production
H.C. Snook
rem = ___ x ___
rem = rad x WF
5 Ways of Controlling Voluntary Motion
- Giving clear instructions
- Providing patient comfort
- Adjusting support devices
- Applying immobilization
- Decreasing exposure time
