RT 103 Ch. 4, CA Flashcards
Name the main groups that anatomists divide the bones of the upper limbs or extremities into.
Hand
Forearm
Arm
Shoulder girdle
How many bones are in the hand?
27
Name the 3 groups that make up the 26 hand bones.
Phalanges - bones of digits (fingers and thumb)
Metacarpals - bones of the palm
Carpals - bones of the wrist
How many phalanges are in the digits?
14
Phalanges
long bones that consist of a cylindric body and articular ends.
How many phalanges in the first digit and name them?
2
proximal and distal
How many phalanges in the rest of the digits and name them?
2
proxima, middlel and distal
Metacarpals
Bones of the palm
How many metacarpal bones in the hand
5
Metacarpals
cylindric in shape and slightly concave anteriorly, form the palm of the hand.
What are metacarpal heads commonly referred to?
knuckles
What does the first metacarpals contain?
Two small sesamoid bones on its palmar aspect below the neck.
Proximal Row of the carpal bones
Scaphoid Navicular
Lunate Semilunar
Triquetrum Triquetral, cuneiform, or triangular
Pisiform (none)
Distal Row of the carpal bones
Trapezium Greater Multiangular
Trapezoid Lesser Multiangular
Capitate Os magnum
Hamate Unciform
How many carpal bones does the wrist have?
8
what is the largest bone in the proximal carapal row?
scaphoid
Lunate
articulates with the radius proximally and is easy to recognize because of its crescent shape.
Triquetram
roughly pyramidal and articulates anteriorly with the hamate
Pisoform
a pea-shaped bone situated anterior to the triquetrum and is easily palpated.
Trapezium
has a tubercle and groove on the anterior surface
Trapezoid
has a smaller surface anteriorly than posteriorly.
Capitate
articulates with the base of the third metacarpal and is the largest and most centrally located carpal.
Hamate
exhibits the prominent hook of hamate, which is located on the anterior surface.
Which two carpals form the medial margin of of the carpal groove?
Hamate & Pisiform
Anatomic Snuffbox
a depression formed by the tendons of the two major muscles of the thumb.
What does the radial artery do?
Carries blood to the dorsum of the hand.
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
scaphoid
What is a clinical sign of a scaphoid fracrure?
tenderness in the snuffbox area.
Carpal Sulcus
formed by the anterior and palmar surface of the wrist and is concave from side to side.
Flexor retinaculum
a strong fibrous band, attached medislly to the pisiform and hook of hamate and laterally to the tubercles of the scaphod and Trapezium
Carpal tunnel
passageway created between the carpal sulcus and Flexor retinaculum
what do the medium nerve and the flexor tendons have in common?
they pass through the carpal tunnel.
What does carpal syndrome
results from compression of the medium nerve inside the carpal tunnel
Forearm
contains two bones that lie parallel to each other , the radius and the ulna.
What side of the forearm is the radius located on?
lateral
What side of the forearm is the ulna located on?
medial
Describe the body of the ulna
is long and slender and tapers inferiorly.
Proximal process or olecranon process
concaves anteriorly and slightly inferiorly and forms the proximal portion of the of the trochlear notch
coronoid process (more distal process)
projects anteriorly from the anterior surface of the body and curves slightly superiorly.
Radial notch
located on the lateral aspect of the coronoid process
head
distal end of the ulna and includes a rounded process on the lateral side.
ulnar styloid process
narrower conic projection on the posteromedial side
What separates the head and ulna from the wrist joint?
articular disk
Proximal end of the radius
small and presents a flat disklike head above a constricted area called the neck.
Radial tuberosity
roughed process just inferior to the neck on the medial side of the body of the radius.
Radial styloid process
distal end of the radius , broad and flattened and has a conic projection on the lateral surface.
