RRT Questions: Pharmacology B Flashcards
What’s a potential side effect from rapid sequence induction?
Hypotension
What drug is given in rapid sequence induction?
Propofol
What if you can’t give Propofol?
Give Etomidate.
What’s the most common NMBA?
What’s the onset and duration?
Succinylcholine
Onset: 30 sec
Duration: 5-10
What conditions would you not want to give succinylcholine?
Metabolic Acidosis
Hyperkalemia
Increased ICP
If you can’t give Succinylcholine, what should you give?
Rocuronium
What is a drug that reverses Rocuronium?
5 drugs and 2 classes
Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Edrophonium are anticholinesterases.
There’s also anticholinergics, Atropine and glycopyrrolate
What drug is used to stimulate breathing in COPD’ers?
Doxapram
What’s the therapeutic blood levels for Methylxanthines?
10-20 mcg/ml
What’s conscious sedation?
That’s when a patient is calm and easily aroused.
What does RASS stand for? What’s the highest and lowest scales on the RASS? Where do you want your patient?
Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale
Highest: Combative +4
You want Drowsey (-1) or Light Sedation (-2)
Lowest: Unarousable (-5)
Name two side effects from Benzodiazapines.
Hypotension and Resp Depression
What’s the trade name for flumazenil?
Romazicon
What drug is given to sedate intubated and mechanically ventilated patients?
What’s the onset and duration?
Dexmedetomidine
Onset: Less than 5 min
Duration: 10 min
Morphine is a good drug for heart patients. Why?
One drawback to morphine is that it inhibits the ___ reflex.
Vasodilates coronary arteries.
Inhibits the cough reflex
If you can’t give morphine, what drug can you give?
Fentanyl
What drug do you give for cerebral edema and drug overdose?
Mannitol
What drug is given for cerebral edema and/or peripheral edema?
When you give this drug, you can put the patient into metabolic ___.
Name two conditions where you can’t give this drug.
Acetazolamide
Metabolic acidosis.
Renal or respiratory failure
Loop diuretics can cause metabolic ___.
What should you give for that?
Metabolic alkalosis.
Give potassium.
If you can’t give aspirin, what two drugs can you give for platelet aggregation inhibition?
Clopidogrel or ticlopidine
For anti-thrombotic therapy, give ___.
If you can’t give that, give ___, aka ___.
And if you can’t give that, give ___.
Heparin
LMW Heparin (Lovenox)
Fondaparinux
What class of drug is Procainamide?
Calcium Channel Blocker
What class of drug is Nicardipine?
Calcium Channel Blocker
What class of drug is Verapamil?
Calcium Channel Blocker
What class of drug is Isoproterenol?
Vasopressor
What class of drug is Dobutamine?
Vasopressor
If patient is still hypotensive after vasopressors, then give ___ for shock and after fluid repletion.
Hydrocortisone
What class of drug is Milrinone?
Inotropic & Vasodilator
What class of drug is Nitroprusside?
Vasodilator
What class of drug is Desmopressin?
Anti-Diuretic Agent
What drug is given for diabetes insipidus or bedwetting?
Desmopressin
In patients with no heart problems who have a sudden or recent onset of cyanosis that is unresponsive to 100% O2, consider ___.
MetHb
A patient with fever, chills, yellow/green sputum, and WBC 20,000: Suspect ___.
bacterial infection.
A teenage patient who is cyanotic and unresponsive to 100% O2: Suspect ___ overdose.
Dapsone. (Treats acne)
Most common cause of MetHb in ER.
How do you treat MetHb?
Give Methylene Blue or Ascorbic Acid.
When giving antibiotics, first give this class of antibiotic: \_\_\_ If alergic, give \_\_\_.
Pennicillin
Cephalosporin
What class of drug do you give to treat gram negative infections? Give two examples.
Give an aminoglycoside (Gentamycin, Tobramycin)
Give an example of a class of broad spectrum antibiotic and two examples of drugs in this class.
Fluroquinolone
Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin
What drug is known as a very potent antibiotic that treats very serious, life threatening infections?
Vancomycin
What drug do you give for tuberulosis? (x2)
Isoniazid and Rifampin
Ribavirin is used to treat ___ infections.
Viral
Name two drugs given for RSV:
RespiGam and Palivizumaub
