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NBRC Questions > RRT Questions: Patient Evaluation > Flashcards

RRT Questions: Patient Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of gas analyzer uses a battery?

A

Polargraphic gas analyzer.

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2
Q

How much urine does a person normally produce?

What should you consider if urine production is low?

A

At least 40 mL per hour.

If low, consider renal failure or bad perfusion.

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3
Q

If a patient has general malaise, consider this general diagnosis.
Also check this lab value.

A

Neuromuscular problem.

Potassium.

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4
Q

Diaphoresis (especially night sweats) is commonly seen in this lung problem:

A

Tuberculosis.

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5
Q

Cheyne-Stokes breathing is assocated with ___.

A

Head trauma or head bleeding. (Also could be drug overdose.)

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6
Q

If a patient is cachectic, think these two diseases.

A

HIV or cancer

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7
Q

If a patient is in C-spine precautions, what kind of bronchoscope would you use?

A

Flexible bronchoscope.

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8
Q

If you are suctioning and the heart rate increase by 20, what should you do?

A

Stop and tell the doctor. (Even if heart rate goes up but it’s still between 60 and 100.)

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9
Q

In a patient with atelectasis, fibrosis, pneumonectomy, or diaphragmatic paralysis, the trachea will be pulled (towards / away from) the affected side.

A

Towards. (These are diseases that affect the inside of the lung.)

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10
Q

In a patient with massive pleural effusion, tension pneumothorax, neck or thyroid tumors, or a large mediastinal mass, trachea will be pulled (towards / away from) the affected side.

A

Away from. (These are diseases that are on the outside of the lung.)

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11
Q

If the lung sounds “Resonant” on percussion, think:

A

Normal, air filled lung. Gives a hollow sound.

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12
Q

If the lung sounds “Flat” on percussion, think:

A

Areas of atelectasis. (Could also be muscle or bone)

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13
Q

If the lung sounds “Dull” on percussion, think:

A

Pleural effusion or pneumonia will give this thudding sound. This is also heard over fluid-filled organs such as the heart or liver.

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14
Q

If the lung sounds “Tympanic” on percussion, think:

A

Increased lung volume. Also heard over air-filled stomach.

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15
Q

If the lung sounds “Hyperresonant” on percussion, think:

A

Pneumothorax or emphysema. This is a booming sound.

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16
Q

A patient with medium rales should receive:

A

CPT, not suctioning. These are middle airway secretions.

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17
Q

If you hear “Unilateral Wheeze”, think:

A

Obstruction. Needs bronchoscope.

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18
Q

What is the normal level of the right hemidiaphragm?

What should you consider if it’s higher?

A

Normally at sixth anterior rib.

If higher, think ascites or atelectasis.

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19
Q

What is the most common type of CXR position?

A

AP (Anterior-Posterior). Film is behind the back.

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20
Q

What kind of CXR is done on standing patients?

A

PA (Posterior-Anterior). Film is touching the chest with back to the Xray.

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21
Q

What kind of CXR is done to shoot between the ribs?

Why is this done?

A

Oblique position. This aids in localizing lesions.

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22
Q

If the patient’s CXR shows a “Maniscus”, think:

A

Pleural effusion.

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23
Q

The tip of the endotracheal tube should be positioned below the vocal cords and no closer than __ centimeters or __ inches above the carina.

A

2 cm or 1 inch.

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24
Q

When you hear “Steeple Sign”, think:

It can be seen from (anterior / side)

A

Croup. Seen from anterior

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25
Q

Croup is (viral or bacterial) and is (subglottic or supraglottic).

A

Viral, subglottic.

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26
Q

Epiglottitis is (viral or bacterial) and is (subglottic or supraglottic)

A

Bacterial, supraglottic.

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27
Q

When you hear “Thumb Sign”, think:

It can be seen from (anterior / side)

A

Epiglottitis. Seen from the side

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28
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Radiolucent”, think:

A

Normal air for lungs.

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29
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Radiodense or opacity”, think:

A

Normal bones or organs.

Opacity could also mean consolidation.

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30
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Infiltrate”, think:

A

Atelectasis

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31
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Consolidation”, think:

A

Pneumonia or pleural effusion.

32
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Hyperlucency”, think:

A

COPD, asthma attack, pneumothorax. (Indicates extrapulmonary air)

33
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Vascular Markings”, think:

A

Increased with CHF and absent with pneumothorax.

34
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Diffuse”, think:

A

Spread throughout. (Atelectasis / pneumonia)

35
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Opaque”, think:

A

Consolidation (Fluid or solid)

Could also mean normal organs or bone.

36
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Fluffy infiltrates”, think:

A

Pulmonary edema (Diffuse whiteness)

37
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Butterfly or Batwing pattern”, think:

A

Pulmonary edema (Diffuse whiteness)

38
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Patchy Infiltrates”, think:

A

Atelectasis (Scattered densities)

39
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Plate-like Infiltrates”, think:

A

Atelectasis (Thin-layered densities)

40
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Ground-Glass Appearance”, think:

A

ARDS

41
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Honeycomb”, think:

A

ARDS

42
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Diffuse Bilateral Radiopacity”, think:

A

ARDS

43
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Air Bronchogram” think:

A

Pneumonia

44
Q

Radiology terminology: When you hear “Cavity Formation in Upper Lobe”, think:

A

Tuberculosis.

45
Q

CT Scan: CT stands for ___ ___.
It is a/an ___ through a plane of the body.
It’s used to detect ___, ___, and ___.

A

Computerized Tomography.
An X Ray through a specific plane of the body to be examined.
Used to detect masses, nodules, and lesions.

46
Q

What is a spiral CT scan used for?

A

Detects pulmonary embolus.

47
Q

What is an MRI?

A

Two dimensional views of an organ or structure.

Aneurysms, major thoracic vessel problems.

48
Q

An EEG will detect brain ___ and ___.

Also detects ___ and disorders related to ___.

A

Brain tumors, brain injuries

Seizures and sleep disorders.

49
Q

What does an ultrasonography of the heart (echocardiogram) detect?

A

Valve disease, myocardial disease, cardiac blood flow problems, cardiac anomalies (tetralogy of fallot)

50
Q

What is the normal ICP value?

A

5-10 mm Hg.

51
Q

When and how should you treat increased ICP?

A

Treat if greater than 20.

Hyperventilate until PaCO2 is 25-30.

52
Q

Mannitol is used to decrease ICP. It does not work very well if the patient is ___.

A

Does not work as well if pt is acidotic.

53
Q

Sputum color is clear. This indicates:

A

Normal

54
Q

Sputum color is mucoid (white/gray). This indicates:

A

Chronic Bronchitis

55
Q

Sputum color is yellow. This indicates:

A

Bacterial infection. (Give antibiotics)

56
Q

Sputum color is green. This indicates:

A

Gram negative bacteria.

57
Q

Sputum color is brown or dark. This indicates:

A

Old blood

58
Q

What does a sputum culture detect?

A

Identifies the bacteria present.

59
Q

What does a sputum sensitivity detect?

A

Identifies what antibiotics will kill the bacteria.

60
Q

What does a sputum gram stain detect?

A

Identifies whether bacteria is gram positive or gram negative. !!REMEMBER that this test is really fast. Do this test while waiting for a sputum culture.

61
Q

What does an acid fast stain detect?

A

Identifies presence of tuberculosis.

62
Q

If there is green sputum, you should consider that the infection is ___ in nature.
Give this antibiotic:

A

Nosocomial.

Give gentamyacin.

63
Q

What is normal clotting time?

A

Up to 6 minutes.

64
Q

What type of monitor, worn under the clothes, detects cardiac arrhythmias for 24-48 hours?

A

Holter monitor.

65
Q

What is an oscilloscope?

A

Another term for EKG machine.

66
Q

Cardiac pathology: Where is the most common place for a clot to occur?

A

Left anterior descending artery.

67
Q

What is the normal percentage value of an ETCO2?

A

3-5%

68
Q

If the ETCO2 is zero, that may mean that the patient is disconnected from the monitor. What should you do first (according to the test)?

A

Bag the patient.

69
Q

What is a hemoximeter? What does it detect?

A

Same thing as a co-oximeter.

Detects carbon monoxide poisoning.

70
Q

COhb stands for carbon monoxide in the hemoglobin.
What is the normal COhb?
What is the COhb for a smoker?

A

1-3%

Smoker: 5-15%

71
Q

If a patient’s COhb is less than __%, give oxygen.

If it is greater than __%, use a hyperbaric chamber.

A

Less than 20%

Greater than 20%

72
Q

A pressure tranducer should be at the same level as the tip of the catheter. If it is too high, the reading will be erroneously ___. If it is too low the reading will be erroneously ___.

A

If too high, the reading will be low.

If too low, the reading will be high.

73
Q

Normal PaCO2

Normal PetCO2

A

PaCO2= 40

PetCO2=34-36

74
Q

If CavO2 is going up that means that cardiac output is going (up/down).

A

Down

75
Q

An increase in PETCO2 would indicate a decrease in ___.

A

Ventilation

76
Q

A decrease in PETCO2 would indicate an increase in ___.

A

Deadspace, PE, or hypovolemia

NBRC Questions (22 decks)

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