RRC LECTURE Flashcards
What leads to poor resilience in rivers
Human disturbance
What processes drive rivers
Hydrology input and transport (flow)
Sediment input and transport (erosion and deposition)
How many rivers in Europe have alterations
Over 80%
What examples limit connectivity
Weird dams culverts
What features impact water quality
Agricultural industry urban runoff
What features impact hydrology
Abstraction drainage barriers reservoirs
What features impact morphology
Fine sediments, dredging, channelisation
What has been the historic way to manage rivers
Straighten, tame, dump waste, dam
What shows a highly natural river system
Floodplain connected with channel/sea with high degree of freedom
What is the most natural river management
Natural flood risk management
What is an example of a soft engineering scheme
Managed re alignment grip blocking re meandering
What are the natural drivers of change
Energy flow
What are the hydromorphilogocal processes
Erosion, deposition, runoff
What are nbs
Nature based solutions
What are constraints to restoration
Complexity, land, money, resources, energy, transport, built heritage, perception, ownership, water quality
What do u need to understand before a RRC project is taken out
Understand the hydrology sediment dynamics and water quality
What are the two main restoration strategies for the RRC
Physical process diversity eg channel features, biological process diversity eg spawning and marginal habitats
What are the benefits to restoring a river
Flood risk management, climate change resilience, access to wildlife, reduced maintenance cost, clean and safe environments, sustainable planning and redevelopment
Why was the river breda straightened
For agriculture
How was a new course created
Looked at the old course and went from there
Why did the rrc want that area to flood
So the town downstream didnt flood
What is the issue with farms next to rivers in terms of live stock
Cattle and grazers can erode bank
What is the benefit in terms of long term ecological communities for development
Succession can take place in a restoration project
What are the European directives for rivers
Urban wastewater treatment directive 1991
Habitats and species directive 1992
WFD 2000
Floods directive 2007
What did the WFD target on rivers
Ecosystem quality
What are the 5 scales of ecological status from the WFD
High, good, moderate, poor, and bad
What does the WFD help to prevent
Further deterioration
When are the stages of WFD cyclical implementation
2015 2021 2027
What is GES
Good ecological status, for all water courses not impacted severely
What is GEP
Good ecological potential, for all water courses that are artificial or heavily modified
How many waters in the EU are in good ecological condition
40%
What facots should be looked at first
Those impacting the current situation
What do we need to understand about the river
How it would naturally function
What is poor riparian vegetation
Himalayan balsam, nettles, oil seed rape
What are the main 3 components to any river project
Physical, ecological, social
What was the river skerne used as
A river demonstration project
Who needs to be involved from the beginning
The community
