Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 River Restoration > random > Flashcards

random Flashcards

Introduction to The Module

1
Q

Name for types of habitat restoration

A

Re vegetation of mining sites, Wetlands Replacing agriculture removal of invasive species, re-inroduction of native species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the normal pH of rain water

A

5.64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the normal nitrogen phosphorus ratio

A

16:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is limiting if the n-p ratio is greater than 16:1

A

phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is limiting if the n-p ratio is less than 16:1

A

nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why did the 1st meander of the ere wash silt up

A

Very little flow, vegetation grew too quickly

The entrance to the meander was too small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is water in man made channels often diverted

A

Using a weir or a rifle structure to slow flow upstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What plant caused the siltation of lakes and meanders at erewash

A

Reedmace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why did the erewash scraped perform better than the ponds

A

No siltarion, ponds had introduction of silt from meander

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is another name for reedmace

A

Typha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why might u but a “Mexican hat” island in the middle of a pond

A

To protect animals in the middle from predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is another name for Reed canary grass

A

Phalaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What physical factors can be determined by BM

A

Hydrological and measure effects of restoration schemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What values are well known about protozoa sampling

A

Saprobic values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What chemicals are produced just downstream of a point source

A

Methane or hydrogen sulphide highly toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the oxygen requirements for sewerage fungus

A

6 to 2.5 mg/l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most tolerant algae type

A

Stigeoclonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where can filamentos green algae be found

A

Where there are good supplies of nitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does decaying algae reduce

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most tolerant macrophyte

A

Potamogenton (pond weed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is chrinonomus riparius (bloodworm)

A

It’s a non biting midge larva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most tolerant mayfly

A

Baetis rhodani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did STW cause

A

Point source pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much did scores range by in the extended TBI

A

0 to 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the problems with TBI and Chandler’s index

A

Groups difficult if species and families combined, abundance an issue as this is effected by habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 10

A

Mainly stonesflies and sensitive mayflies and caddis flys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 8

A

Native crayfish, dragon fly damsel fly and caddis fly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 7

A

Tolerant mayflies, stone flys and caddis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 6

A

Snails mussels and shrimps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 5

A

True bugs such as water boatman and sensitive true flys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 4

A

Tolerant mayflies and leeches and alderflys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 3

A

Tolerant snails, bivalves leeches and hoglice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 2

A

Non biting midges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the main creatures in BMWP group 1

A

Worms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How do u get ASPT

A

BMWP divided by number of scoring taxa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is NTAXA in WHPT

A

Number of taxa contributing to the assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How many sites is rivpcas based on

A

835

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What scores may phytobenthos get

A

Nutrient sensitivity scores

39
Q

How is the ecological quality ratio calculated

A

Phybenthos scores compared with predicted scores

40
Q

What does the river macrophyte nutrient index measure

A

Phosphorus and nitrogen

41
Q

What does the river macrophyte hydraulic index measure

A

Flow conditions

42
Q

When are BMWP scores normal taken

A

Sprint summer autumn

43
Q

What is liming

A

Addition if calcium carbonate to increase the streams buffering tolerance

44
Q

How does ledger describe acidification

A

Large scale removal of biodiversity

45
Q

What are the main functional feeding groups

A

Collectors (filtering and gathering)blackfly larvae
Scrapers (grazers) maylfy nymph snails
Shredders_ crane fly larvae crustaceans
Predators_ dragon fly nymph

46
Q

Why can some species of macroinvetebrate survive during acidic conditions

A

Have a large functional niche and so can change feeding patterns such as lecturid stone flys which go from shredders to grazers

47
Q

What are the 2 stages of woolsey premilimary survey

A

Definition of objectives, choice of restoration measures

48
Q

What are the two stages of woolseys project planning

A

Detailed planning of the restoration measures which will be carried out, planning od project assessment

49
Q

What are the categories of macro invertebrate metrics

A

Richness, composition, Tolerance, feeding, habitat

50
Q

What did gore say about ecosystem recovery

A

A return to an ecosystem which closely resembles undressed surrounding areas of source areas

51
Q

What type of restoration is rarely possible

A

True restoration

52
Q

What flow has high magnitude low frequency

A

Large floods

53
Q

What are the benefits of large floods

A

Floodplain formation, wood recruitment

54
Q

What are the ecological functions of base flows

A

Seed establishments and spawning flows

55
Q

What are the ecological functions of low flows

A

Maintain rearing habitat, maintain vegetation

56
Q

What are the ecological functions of channel forming floods

A

Habitat formation, gravel transport

57
Q

What is an idealised system in terms of plantation

A

Good riparian vegetation

58
Q

Why do farmers often want channelisation

A

Protect stock and reduce flooding

59
Q

What are the main reasons for modifying channels

A

Regulation, urbanization, mining, flood control, irrigation, forestry

60
Q

As rivers are not normally restored what are we actually doing to them

A

Rehabilitation

61
Q

What scale must we work at for rover restoration

A

Catchment scale

62
Q

What is stage 1 in Peterson’s building block model

A

Establish buffer strip

63
Q

What is the second step in Peterson’s building block model

A

Plant with quick growing native plants, stabilize banks and provide nutrient retention

64
Q

What happens to nitrogen in buffer strips

A

De nitriffied

65
Q

What is the third step in Petersons building block model

A

Reduce slide slope which will reduce erosion

66
Q

What is the 4th stage to petersons model

A

Remeander the stream

67
Q

What is the 5th stage of petersons model

A

Add cobbles and boulders in the river

68
Q

What are BMPs good for

A

Limiting damage to streams and enhancing restoration projects

69
Q

What does TMDL help with

A

Total maximum daily loads, help to manage the about of nitrate and chemicals going into the water

70
Q

What is rip rap

A

Layer of erodable material used to protect stream bank

71
Q

What are the sizes of rocks used for rip rap

A

Angular 0.1 to 0.8 m in size

72
Q

What does rip rap do to the river flow

A

High flow gets drown towards bank, gravel bar forms on the inside of the bed, makes outer bend deeper

73
Q

What can reduce fow difficulties created by rip rap

A

Bank barbs, drags flow inwards, often Gabions used

74
Q

What does the rock base do in willow spilling,l

A

Stops the bank collapsing

75
Q

What is the cost of willow spilling

A

£115/m

76
Q

What is geo textiling used for

A

To fix fill to the banks

77
Q

Why might willow mattresses not always work

A

High flows river too big

78
Q

How much is log toe revetment

A

146 per meter

79
Q

What did they do on the Ogwen to improve heterogeneity of habitat

A

Bolder placement in the stream

80
Q

Why might u not put log jams in streams

A

Will flood

81
Q

What may u use in tandem with increasing flow velocity

A

Bank toe revetments

82
Q

How long are logs in current flow reflectors

A

5 to 6 meters

83
Q

Why would u use type b reflectors

A

Use in faster flow

84
Q

Why would u add aquatic ledges

A

To increase the flow of the stream/ narrow

85
Q

How much did it cost to re meander a 900m long stretch of the ouse

A

£15000

86
Q

Why are the back waters 2 meters deep

A

To stop from over growing and siltation

87
Q

Why might it take a while for fish to use spawning gravels

A

Need to be stable

88
Q

How might u maintain gravels

A

Use of gabions

89
Q

How are log sills used

A

To trap boulders and gravels for spawning

90
Q

Why are there pools in a fishways

A

So fish can rest

91
Q

What is crucial in fishways to make then attractive for fish

A

Attraction flow

92
Q

In cold environments what might be added to culverts to reduce icing up

A

Electricity

93
Q

How can u reduce river runoff in urban areas

A

Reduce paving of roads and make roads smaller

94
Q

What should be the minimum length of monitoring

A

5 years

Year 3 River Restoration (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions