Introduction Flashcards
how do we know what we are aiming for
need to work out if we want full restoration or just natural recovery
are streams more resilient or resistant
resilient
according to palmer et al, what are the key things a stakeholder would look for
Aesthetics, economic benefit, recreation, education
according to palmer et al, what are the key things you would look for ecologically
guiding image, eco improvement, self sustaining, no harm
what is resitence
ability to resist disturbance
what is resilience
ability to bounce back from disturbance
what is recovery
process of returning to a natural state
what is the issue of determining recovery
how do we know what the pre disturbed state was?
what is a pressed disturbance
long period of time, mining
what is a pulse disturbance
defined duration, pollution event
if we do not know the exact pre disturbance conditions what can we aim for
a return to an ecosystem which closely resembles an unstressed surrounding area
how might a restoration change a local community
may alter what the community was before to a new community structure
what is crucial after the project has taken place
monitoring a dissemination of information
what does dissemination of information imporve
common knowledge
what are palmers 5 stages to a successful restoration project
guiding image, ecosystems are improved, resilience is increased, no long lasting harm, ecological assessment
what 6th stage did jansson add to palmers model
explain how the ecological imporvments works, so we can better understand the science
what is a guiding image
vision at the start of a project, aim that you want to acheive
what end points need to be set out at the start of a project
dynamic ecological end points
how does restoration vary between rivers
some rivers are much easier to resotre than others, e.g larger banks, more space, more people on board
what types of information may be available for a guiding image
ariel photography, survey results, nearby sites, classification of information,
how can we tell if an eco system has improved
measurably enhanced with consideration of physio chemical and ecological conditions, all aspects must be looked, not point if one area is forgotten
how do we know is stream resilience has increased or not
river system is more self sustaining, ecologically hydrological and geomorphologicaly successful
who said that the first rule of restoration should be that no lasting harm takes place
leopold
what minimizes long term damage
short term success
what assessment needs to have taken place
some level of both pre and post assessment
why do we need to have assessment of restoration projects
RR is a evidence based science
what human impacts effect river systems
channelization, regulation of flow, abstraction and agriculture
what are the negatives to a straight channel
loose habitats, no riparian fringe, lost pool riffle structure, uniform flow, summer time low flow, winter high, reduces macro inverts diversity
what is first required to restore a river
need for action, recognition that something needs to be done
what are the negatives of dams on rivers
alter thermal regime, creation of lentic system, lack of migration, trapping of silt
what is restoration
scientific practise of ecological restoration resoting renewing, degraded damaged or destroyed ecosystems and habitats
what contaminated land might there be
mining, quarrys, agriculture
what are the barriers to success
cost, physical constraints, lack of communication,
what sort of rivers cannot be fixed
buried underground, not all can be daylighted
what organisations help to promote river resotration
RRC, EA, Trout Trust, Salmon Trust
what modelling can be done before a restoration project
flood modeling
why must we think of the river as not just singular
connected to the catchment, therefore need to think of the wider scale
