Introduction

Question 1

how do we know what we are aiming for

Answer 1

need to work out if we want full restoration or just natural recovery

Question 2

are streams more resilient or resistant

Answer 2

resilient

Question 3

according to palmer et al, what are the key things a stakeholder would look for

Answer 3

Aesthetics, economic benefit, recreation, education

Question 4

according to palmer et al, what are the key things you would look for ecologically

Answer 4

guiding image, eco improvement, self sustaining, no harm

Question 5

what is resitence

Answer 5

ability to resist disturbance

Question 6

what is resilience

Answer 6

ability to bounce back from disturbance

Question 7

what is recovery

Answer 7

process of returning to a natural state

Question 8

what is the issue of determining recovery

Answer 8

how do we know what the pre disturbed state was?

Question 9

what is a pressed disturbance

Answer 9

long period of time, mining

Question 10

what is a pulse disturbance

Answer 10

defined duration, pollution event

Question 11

if we do not know the exact pre disturbance conditions what can we aim for

Answer 11

a return to an ecosystem which closely resembles an unstressed surrounding area

Question 12

how might a restoration change a local community

Answer 12

may alter what the community was before to a new community structure

Question 13

what is crucial after the project has taken place

Answer 13

monitoring a dissemination of information

Question 14

what does dissemination of information imporve

Answer 14

common knowledge

Question 15

what are palmers 5 stages to a successful restoration project

Answer 15

guiding image, ecosystems are improved, resilience is increased, no long lasting harm, ecological assessment

Question 16

what 6th stage did jansson add to palmers model

Answer 16

explain how the ecological imporvments works, so we can better understand the science

Question 17

what is a guiding image

Answer 17

vision at the start of a project, aim that you want to acheive

Question 18

what end points need to be set out at the start of a project

Answer 18

dynamic ecological end points

Question 19

how does restoration vary between rivers

Answer 19

some rivers are much easier to resotre than others, e.g larger banks, more space, more people on board

Question 20

what types of information may be available for a guiding image

Answer 20

ariel photography, survey results, nearby sites, classification of information,

Question 21

how can we tell if an eco system has improved

Answer 21

measurably enhanced with consideration of physio chemical and ecological conditions, all aspects must be looked, not point if one area is forgotten

Question 22

how do we know is stream resilience has increased or not

Answer 22

river system is more self sustaining, ecologically hydrological and geomorphologicaly successful

Question 23

who said that the first rule of restoration should be that no lasting harm takes place

Answer 23

leopold

Question 24

what minimizes long term damage

Answer 24

short term success

Question 25

what assessment needs to have taken place

Answer 25

some level of both pre and post assessment

Question 26

why do we need to have assessment of restoration projects

Answer 26

RR is a evidence based science

Question 27

what human impacts effect river systems

Answer 27

channelization, regulation of flow, abstraction and agriculture

Question 28

what are the negatives to a straight channel

Answer 28

loose habitats, no riparian fringe, lost pool riffle structure, uniform flow, summer time low flow, winter high, reduces macro inverts diversity

Question 29

what is first required to restore a river

Answer 29

need for action, recognition that something needs to be done

Question 30

what are the negatives of dams on rivers

Answer 30

alter thermal regime, creation of lentic system, lack of migration, trapping of silt

Question 31

what is restoration

Answer 31

scientific practise of ecological restoration resoting renewing, degraded damaged or destroyed ecosystems and habitats

Question 32

what contaminated land might there be

Answer 32

mining, quarrys, agriculture

Question 33

what are the barriers to success

Answer 33

cost, physical constraints, lack of communication,

Question 34

what sort of rivers cannot be fixed

Answer 34

buried underground, not all can be daylighted

Question 35

what organisations help to promote river resotration

Answer 35

RRC, EA, Trout Trust, Salmon Trust

Question 36

what modelling can be done before a restoration project

Answer 36

flood modeling

Question 37

why must we think of the river as not just singular

Answer 37

connected to the catchment, therefore need to think of the wider scale