RQs Flashcards
CTE Resin
14-50
CTE almagam
22-28
: Most Cariogenic?
Sucrose ; S. Mutans adheres to (non shedding surface) bioflim on tooth by converting sucrose into an extremely adhesive substance called dextran polysaccharid.
: What helps in carious process but it is not the primary inititator for caries:
Lactobacillus
Which race has most caries in kid population?
Hispanics
CTE GIC
10.2-11.4
CTE Human Dentin
8.3
If you have pain, what would be the hardest to anesthetize?
Irreversible pulpitis and mandibular
mand molar > Mand pm > max molar > max pm
Chronic periradicular abscess indicates:
necrotic pulp
calcium hydroxide is contraindicated in pulpotomy in a child because it causes
irritation leading to resorption in primary teeth
In a primary tooth w/ apical infection the first radigrapoh sign is where?-
in the furcation.
Most common medication for pulpectomy/pulpotomy?
FOROMCRESOL
CTE Human Enamel
11.4
CTE Porcelin
12
CTE lowest to highest
Dentin (8.3) > GIC (10.2-11.4) > Human Enamel (11.4) >Porcelin (12) > Resin (14 - 50) > Amaglam ( 22-28) > Resin ( 14- 50 )
Did pulpotomy in a 7 yr old’s pulp exposed decayed tooth #30 why?
To allow completion of root formation (apexogenesis)
______: Create an apical barrier in a necrotic tooth with an open apex.
Apexification
Induce a calcified apical barrier by placing dense calcium hydroxide paste after the instrumentation. Canals are obturated when barrier is formed in 3–6 months.
____ : Vital pulp therapy performed to allow continued physiologic development and formation of the root.
Apexogenesis
Place calcium hydroxide over the radicular pulp stump. Recall every 3 months to check for pulpal status. RCT is indicated when the root development is completed.
apexification is done :
(non vital teeth with MTA),
pulpectomy is done:
pulpectomy (ZOE if apex is not closed in primary teeth) in pedo patients.
Bisposy of PARL s/p RCT shows: neutrophils, plasma cells, nonkeratanized stratified epithelieum (islands of), and fibrous connective tissue, likely dx?
granuloma
Extraradicular biofilm theory recommends endo with:
irrigate and debride
mechanochemical irrigation and debridement of the canal
Pt is 13 years old and has a non-vital maxillary central. The apex is still open what do you
Apexification
Avulsion of tooth with open apex ; EDT <60min tx? (or kept in soln)
Clean tooth w/saline
Irrigate socket w/saline
Gently replant
Stablize with FLEX splint 1 wk ( or min mobility)
Follow up apt for pulp vitality/root development
If vitality doesnt not return -> Apexififcation
Avulsion – 7-10 days non rigid splint, antibiotics
Avulsion of tooth with closed apex ; EDT <60min tx?
or kept in soln
Clean tooth w/saline Irrigate socket w/saline Gently replant Stabilize with FLEX splint 1 wk ( or min mobility) RCT at time of splint removal
Avulsion – 7-10 days non rigid splint, antibiotics
Which material is least cytotoxic for perforation repair?
MTA
: If tooth has open apex, and it gets avulsed, how you close it?
You use MTA.
Most important factor about avulsed tooth –
Time
Avulsion of tooth with closed apex ; EDT 60+ min tx?
Dont reimplant
Reason for failure of replantation of avulsed tooth:
external resorption
Indications for apico surgery:
When an apical portion of canal cannot be cleaned, persistent apical pathology after RCT, apical fracture, overextension.
contraindication for CaOH: Pulp symptomatic for last month..
Pulp symptomatic for last month..
Tx for Traumatic pulp exposure on max incisor that root has not completed formation?
Apexogenesis
: Sodium hypochlorite is used for everything except?
Chelation ( 17% EDTA is the chelator- removes smear/inorganic amterail)
NaOCl ( 5.25% bleach irrigation germicidal- dissolves organic tissue)
Tx for horizontal root fx
Rigid splint for horizontal root fractures 3 months
Patient intrudes mature maxillary incisor- tx?
Trauma causing deep intrusion to a permanent tooth causes PULP NECROSIS and conventional RCT is necessary. 96%
Avulsion of tooth with open apex ; EDT 60+ min tx?
Dont reimplant
:Biggest reason for failure of RCT –
faulty cleaning of the canals
How you manage tooth with external root resorption
b. Instrument and put CaOH
do CaOH every 3 months until PDL is healthy then complete RCT
QUESTION: Most common cell in necrotic pulp?
PMN cells
Ankylosis (aka: –
replacement bone formation ; replacement resorption
: Inflammatory external root resorption? What do you do?
ENDO- RCT
Internal resorption ass w/ all except –
- radiography is symmetrical with the pulp space,
- can resorb all the way to the PDL,
- treatment option is observe until resorption stops, -resorb to create pink tooth
observe until resorption stops,
root canal failed on upper canine -
lack of seal
bad shaping/cleaning
Most common cause of RCT failure is
2nd most common cause is
inadequate disinfected RC,
poorly filled canals.
3rd lack of straight-line access
Incomplete removal of bacteria, pulp debris, and dentinal shavings is commonly caused by failure to irrigate thoroughly. Another reason is failure to
C. obtain a straight line access.
T/F. GP adheres to canal walls
False. needs sealer
QUESTION: First thing do with periapical abscess? `
Incise and drain, IF fluctuant
Which of the following conditions indicates that a periodontal, rather than an endo
Pain to lateral percussion with a wide sulcular pocket
T/F: There usually is no lesion apparent radiographically in acute apical periodontitis. However,
T/F. histologically bone destruction has been noted.
TRUE
TRUE
Mandibular second molars, followed by mandibular first molars and maxillary premolars are the most commonly affected teeth of
cracked tooth (vertical)
How to dx a horizon rt fx?
multpile vertical agulated xrays
Horizontal Root Fracture more common in ,
anteriors
the success and healing of horizontal root fractures is the immediate reduction of the fractured segments and the immobilization of the coronal segment (12 weeks)
Horizontal root fx tx?
splint/ reduce & immobilize
RDT IS
2MM
REMAINIG DENTINAL THICKNESS
Most critical for pulpal protection
ANS. Remaining dentin thickness (2mm)
What will not regenerate after RCT: dentin formation, cementum, PDL, alveolar bone
DENTIN
sym apical period vs.
acute apical abscess
diff is you will feel a bump has fluid (abcess)
What can tell best indicator about caries risk:
past caries history
least likely to predict future caries = Amount of sugar intake
T/F. Formation of of reparative dentin can occur as a result of successful rct
FALSE
Histogram is used to show
varience
Idiopathic sclerosis
Idiopathic osteosclerosis, also known as enostosis or dense bone island, is a condition which may be found around the roots of a tooth. It is usually painless and found during routine radiographs. It appears as a radiopaque (light area) around a tooth, usually a premolar or molar.
AGE : <0.3 pmm 0-6mo : \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6mo-3y: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3yr- 6y: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 6y-16y : \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
0-6m0 = None
6mo-3y = 1/2 dropful [0.25mg / 0.5 ml ]
3y - 6y = 1 dropful [0.5mg f / 1ml]
6-16 = 2 dropfuls [ 1mg F / 2ml]
for 0.3- 0.6 ppm
( push down 2- none(0-6) none(6-3) ; .5 and 1 for older]
What is the Rule of 6’s ?
No Fl supplementation if :
- Fl lvl in drinking water is >0.6ppm
- Pt is < 6mo old
- Pt is > 16 yo
Rule of 5’s
5mg/kg = toxic 5G = lethal for adult
Macroglossia seen is which conditions ( tell me the except too)
Down syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, primary amyloidosis, congenital hypothyroidism. EXCEPT HYPER THYROID
Most interproximal decay happens where? –
Just under the contact.
When do you restore a lesion? –
When there is cavitation
: Which population has the most number of UNRESTORED caries:
black
: Recent survey, what kind of stats on caries?
a. More root caries
Best dx/indicator is soft
What’s the characteristic of a remineralized tooth? ≈
Darker, harder, more resistant to acid
black, dark, opaque
3 factors that affect caries initiation?
substrate, bacteria, host susceptibity
Type 2 error
Type II Error- accepting a false null hypothesis. This is a beta error. Another way to say this is, to this is, to reject a null that should be accepted.
more dangerous medically ex: a patient is dx as HEALTHY when they actually have the HIV.
A __1_____, also known as a ______2____ or a mediator variable, can adversely affect the relation between the independent variable and dependent variable. This may cause the researcher to analyze the results incorrectly. The results may show a false correlation between the dependent and independent variables, leading to an incorrect rejection of the null hypothesis.
- confounding variable
2. third variable
______ is a hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify.
The null hypothesis (Ho)
The ‘null’ often refers to the common view of something, while the alternative hypothesis is what the researcher really thinks is the cause of the phenomenon
______1____ are used to reduce possibility of any other factor influcencing changes changes in the dependent variable, known as _____2______.
- Controlled variables
2. confounding variables.
rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. OR to reject a null that should be accepted.
Type 1 Error
This is an alpha error. less dangerous in terms of research
Two common VARIABLE..what statistical test would you use?
chi-test
to reject a null that should be accepted is a
type 2 error
aka : accepting a false null hypothesis. This is a beta error.
What represents the variability about the mean-value of a group of observations?
Standard deviation
Biggest difference across cultures regarding pain…
variability in pain tolerance rather than pain threshold,
“if test determines those who do not have the disease it is testing
specificity
Specificity =
sensitivity =
SPecificity = (without disease) aka true negative Pure
sensitivity = (with disease)
______ is when number of people likey to get disease in given time
Incidence
Incidence – new cases
specificity equation
tn / tn + fp
Sensitivity equation
Sensitivity – tp / tp + fn
True Negative in terms of dx:
False positive in terms of dx:
- Those who are ACTUALLY disease free
2. Those that are misdiagnosed as not as being disease free
For a population, the research divides the number of disease cases by the number of people. By so doing, this investigator will have calculated which of the following rates?
c. prevalence
Prevalence – all cases
Type I Error
rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true. This is an alpha error. Another way to say this is, to reject a null that should be accepted.
What parameter study lets you have a risk quotient?-
Cohort
Analyze statistical difference between two means?
T-test
T/F. In a double blind study you need two controls
FALSE you dont
which type of study determines relative risk ratio:
Cohort
Dentist potential for abuse not likely due to
Vulnerability
Who makes the MSDS?
manufacturer
HAZARD COMMUNICATION LAW: what does it control?
sharps, blood, amalgam
created by OSHA
________: to see if the means of two groups are statistically different if the variances like standard deviation are known. Large sample size.
Z test
Steam Autoclave:
20 minutes at 121C and 15 psi.
Where would you look in a scientific journal to find the dependent and independent variables
Methods
Disinfectants placed on _____ ; and kills _______
non-living / inanamate surface kills mycobacterium (benchmark organism) - but not bacterial spores
bacterial spores
what sterlizes by Denaturation of the proteins -
…by Coagulation of proteins -
alcohol and autoclave;
dry heat
________ is the best film to visualize the condyles, condylar neck, and rami
Towne’s View
T/F. American disabilities act does not include HIV.
False
In 1997 there was a program which stated that all childrens needed dental coverage even with no insurance
Children’s Health Insurance Program
Proper order for treatment planning:
emergency care, disease control, reevaluation, definitive treatment, maintenance care
What is necessary for a test to be accurate:
validity
Which are the two most imp. steps for diagnosis:
History and clinical examination
Dentist codes for two separate fillings, but insurance changes it to only one
downcoding
What is not associated with bilateral swelling?
sialolithiasis
Who is protected under Americans with disabilities act?
AIDS pt. and accommodate the handicapped
Tongue blade therapy is used for correction of what?
skeletal anterior
Pterygomandibular raphe consists of (2)
superior constriction and buccinator
In the past 15 years, what has been increasing?
root caries
Worst impression material for final prosthesis
irreversible hydrocolloid
What is true about periodontal maintenance interval
increasing perio maintenance intervals may be necessary if it will help with compliance
What’s a long-lasting anesthetic?
bupivicaine
What disease has melanotic pigmentation?
Addison’s dz
Primary tooth that is intruded 6 mm, what should you do?
Ortho
- <3mm = let re-erupt
up to 6mm = ortho
>7mm = surgery
During operative procedures an increase in pulpal temperature of more than _____ may cause potentially detrimental effects to pulpal health
6 degrees C
Which has the best prognosis for root amputation?
Divergent roots with furcation coronal
“Ghost cells”
keratinized calcifycing odontogenic cyst
Neurofibromatosis clinical presentations:
Café au lait,
lisch nodules,
neurofibromas
Philadelphia chromosome (chromosomal translocation)
CML – Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia runs a variable course (older patients may survive years
Most common type of leukemia in children?
. ALL ( Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia)
Most common salivary gland tumor:
Pleomorphic adenoma (Benign) Mucoepidermoid ( Malignant)
Most common salivary gland tumor:
Pleomorphic adenoma (Benign) Mucoepidermoid ( Malignant)
Orange stains typically means:
- Poor oral hygiene ( typically on ant teeth)
Brown tooth stains typically means:
Associated with poor oral hygiene and drinking dark-colored beverages
Yellow-brown stains =
Associated with chlorhexidine and stannous fluoride, may be difficult to remove
Black colored tooth stains =
Black - Usually occurs as thin lines on the cervical one third of tooth, found in healthy mouths, and often associated with consumption of iron and insoluble ferric sulfide
Green and yellow stains =
poor oral hygiene and chromogenic bacteria
Uually occurs on anterior teeth
Bluish-green stains =
Usually occurs due to occupational exposure of metallic dust
Dark brown and black tooth stains =
Associated with tobacco products
petit mal seizures looks like:
Transient loss of consciousness that lasts for five to thirty seconds - may exhibit minor motor movements of the eyes, head, or extremities
tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures look like :
demonstrate activity that lasts for one to three minutes. The patient may experience
an aura and loss of consciousness. The tonic-clonic movements may cause an interruption of respiration and loss of bladder or bowel control.
______ is the primary cause of root surface caries.
Actinomyces viscosus
Complex partial (psychomotor) seizures :
may be preceded by an aura with transient clouding of the consciousness. These patients have behavioral alterations and purposeless, repetitive movements.
Types of Jacksonian sx =
( simple/complex/ part evolv to gen)
involve one side of brain at onset
APAP OD
N- Acetylcistine
Benzo OD
FUmazenil
Epi reversal
Phenoxybenzamine
Max lido in kids
4.4mg/kg
Max epi in cardiac
0.04 mg/kg
Amphetamines cause release of?
NE
Sunbrust
Osteosarcoma
Blue scleara
DI /OI
Ghost Teeth
regional odontodiplasia
Casper only scares ppl in his region
non herediatry
Bubbles/ honey comb
Odontogenic myxoma
Myxy take Bubble baths while eating honey
GRnaular cell tumore
congential epulis
Build of GAGs and mucopolysacarides
Hunter- hulers
Hunter gags and hurls when he see mucous
Most common malignant MAJOR salivary tumor
Muco-epidermoid carinma
Major Sal is very dangerous he kills ppl wiht MUCOs
Most common malignant MINOR salivary tumor
ACC - adenoid cystic carcinoma
No rubber dam on class 2 - leakage when?
2-4 weeks
Acid in GI
Polyacylic acid
Lute with resin in all ceramci why?
strongest bond of crown to tooth
easiest cement to remove post procedure?
zinc phosphate
PH 3.5 - causes pulp sensity
Cement compoenet that contribute to adhesion
polyCarboxylic acid
more color stabilty in which compostite
light cure vs [vs self] b/c TEG-DMA
IRM =
IRM ( temp material)
Zinc Oxide Eugenol mixed with MMA (or polyMMA)
IN home bleach uses what?
Carbomide peroxide 10%
In office bleaching uses?
H2O2 @ 35%
Most common interanl bleaching soln?
Sodium Perborate
Most common complication w/ internal bleaching
cervical external root respotrion
Bechet’s produces waht lesions?
Apthous Ulcers
Early sign of cavernous sinus thrombosis ?
BLurred vision
MOst common cause of turner tooth?
Trauma
tuners’s hypoplasia of enamel
kid w/ hiv
candidiasis
fastest growing tumor v v
Pyogenic granuloma
