Routine Testing

Question 1

single most important in vitro immunologic reaction

Answer 1

hemmagglutination

Question 2

2 stages of hemmagglutination

Answer 2

1) sensitization

2) lattice formation

Question 3

antigen source of ABO/D typing

Answer 3

patient’s red blood cells

Question 4

antigen source of ABO serum testing

Answer 4

reverse grouping cells

Question 5

antigen source of antibody screen

Answer 5

screening cells

Question 6

antigen source of antibody panel/identification

Answer 6

panel cells

Question 7

antigen source of crossmatch

Answer 7

donor red blood cells

Question 8

antibody source of ABO serum testing, Ab screen and ID and crossmatch

Answer 8

patient’s/recipient’s serum/plasma

Question 9

responsible for the regulation of blood banking reagents

Answer 9

food and drug administration (FDA)

Question 10

unique recognition of of antigen and antibodies (from reagent)

Answer 10

specificity

Question 11

strength of antigen-antibody reaction (from reagent)

Answer 11

potency

Question 12

when will quality control for reagents be done?

Answer 12

daily

Question 13

ideal characteristics of antibody reagents

Answer 13

concentrated
highly specific
well-characterized
uniformly reactive

Question 14

general rule of adding reagents and samples

Answer 14

clear solutions first then RBCs

make sure both are added to the solution

Question 15

Anti-A dye

Answer 15

bromphenol blue
thymol blue
potent blue

Question 16

anti-B dye

Answer 16

acroflavin

Question 17

preservative of anti-A and anti-B reagents

Answer 17

sodium azide

Question 18

most important Rh antigen

Answer 18

D antigen

Question 19

ensures correct interpretation of typing results

Answer 19

reagent controls

Question 20

confirms forward ABO typing

Answer 20

reverse typing/serum/plasma typing

Question 21

composition of screening cells and panel cells

Answer 21

phenotyped O cells

Question 22

detects the most clinically significant red cell antibodies

Answer 22

screening cells

Question 23

contains most frequently inherited red cell antigens

Answer 23

panel cells

Question 24

exhibits dosage effects

Answer 24

"Rich deaf kid & men loath"
Rh (except D) 
Kidd
Duffy
MNS
Lutheran

Question 25

enhanced in enzyme

Answer 25

``` "KRhIPLe" Kidd Rh I P1Pk Lewis ```

Question 26

destroyed by enzymes

Answer 26

Duffy | MNS

Question 27

unaffected by enzymes

Answer 27

Kell

Question 28

reagents that denature Kell

Answer 28

AET DTT ZZAP 2-ME

Question 29

antibody that can react at any phase

Answer 29

Lewis

Question 30

antibody enhanced by acidification

Answer 30

M

Question 31

antibody enhanced by alkalinization

Answer 31

N

Question 32

antibody that is a common cause of anamnestic repsonse

Answer 32

Kidd

Question 33

antibodies optimal at room temperature (immediate spin phase)

Answer 33

``` I, H, IH MN P1 Lea, Leb Lua ```

Question 34

antibodies optimal at 37C

Answer 34

D, E | K

Question 35

antibodies optimal at antiglobulin phase

Answer 35

``` Rh K Duffy Kidd Ss Lub Xga ```

Question 36

masks clinically significant antibodies, typically weak and often diluted out to relatively high titer despite the weak reaction

Answer 36

high titer, low avidity antibodies (HTLA)

Question 37

most common HTLA

Answer 37

Chido/Rogers

Question 38

described the PRINCIPLE of antiglobulin technique

Answer 38

Carlo Moreschi

Question 39

INTRODUCED the antiglobulin test

Answer 39

Coombs, Mourant and Race

Question 40

sensitivity of the AHG reagent

Answer 40

100 to 500 IgG per RBC | 400 to 1100 C3d per RBC

Question 41

AHG ratio of serum to cells

Answer 41

40: 1 (2 drops to 5% RCS) 133: 1 (4 drops to 3% RCS)

Question 42

sample of choice for DAT

Answer 42

whole blood in EDTA

Question 43

sample of choice for IAT

Answer 43

serum/plasma

Question 44

when is DAT requested?

Answer 44

HTR HDFN AIHA DIHA

Question 45

when is IAT requested?

Answer 45

``` weak D crossmatch antibody screen antibody titration red cell phenotyping ```

Question 46

AHG reagent primarily used in DAT

Answer 46

polyspecific AHG

Question 47

AHG reagent primarily ised in DIFFERENTIAL DAT

Answer 47

monospecific AHG

Question 48

potential reasons for a false negative result upon addition of check cells

Answer 48

WAR failure to WASH failure to ADD reagent failure to REACT

Question 49

increases the rate of antibody uptake

Answer 49

LISS

Question 50

components of LISS

Answer 50

NaCl glycine salt-poor albumin

Question 51

LISS serum to cell ratio

Answer 51

40:1

Question 52

reaction time of LISS

Answer 52

5-15 mins

Question 53

concentrates the antibody in the test environment

Answer 53

PEG

Question 54

reaction time of PEG

Answer 54

10-30 minutes

Question 55

adjusts the zeta potential of RBC

Answer 55

BSA

Question 56

reaction time of BSA

Answer 56

15-60 minutes

Question 57

removes negative charges from RBCs

Answer 57

``` enzymes: papain from papaya ficin trypsin bromelin from pineapple ```

Question 58

concentration, pH of NSS

Answer 58

0.85% to 0.9%, pH 6.5 to 7.5

Question 59

pH of phosphate buffered saline in NSS

Answer 59

pH 7.2 to 7.4

Question 60

also known as column agglutination

Answer 60

gel testing