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Immunohematology > Routine Testing > Flashcards

Routine Testing Flashcards

1
Q

single most important in vitro immunologic reaction

A

hemmagglutination

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2
Q

2 stages of hemmagglutination

A

1) sensitization

2) lattice formation

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3
Q

antigen source of ABO/D typing

A

patient’s red blood cells

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4
Q

antigen source of ABO serum testing

A

reverse grouping cells

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5
Q

antigen source of antibody screen

A

screening cells

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6
Q

antigen source of antibody panel/identification

A

panel cells

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7
Q

antigen source of crossmatch

A

donor red blood cells

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8
Q

antibody source of ABO serum testing, Ab screen and ID and crossmatch

A

patient’s/recipient’s serum/plasma

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9
Q

responsible for the regulation of blood banking reagents

A

food and drug administration (FDA)

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10
Q

unique recognition of of antigen and antibodies (from reagent)

A

specificity

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11
Q

strength of antigen-antibody reaction (from reagent)

A

potency

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12
Q

when will quality control for reagents be done?

A

daily

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13
Q

ideal characteristics of antibody reagents

A

concentrated
highly specific
well-characterized
uniformly reactive

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14
Q

general rule of adding reagents and samples

A

clear solutions first then RBCs

make sure both are added to the solution

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15
Q

Anti-A dye

A

bromphenol blue
thymol blue
potent blue

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16
Q

anti-B dye

A

acroflavin

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17
Q

preservative of anti-A and anti-B reagents

A

sodium azide

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18
Q

most important Rh antigen

A

D antigen

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19
Q

ensures correct interpretation of typing results

A

reagent controls

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20
Q

confirms forward ABO typing

A

reverse typing/serum/plasma typing

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21
Q

composition of screening cells and panel cells

A

phenotyped O cells

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22
Q

detects the most clinically significant red cell antibodies

A

screening cells

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23
Q

contains most frequently inherited red cell antigens

A

panel cells

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24
Q

exhibits dosage effects

A 
"Rich deaf kid & men loath"
Rh (except D) 
Kidd
Duffy
MNS
Lutheran
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25
Q

enhanced in enzyme

A 
"KRhIPLe"
Kidd
Rh
I
P1Pk
Lewis
26
Q

destroyed by enzymes

A

Duffy

MNS

27
Q

unaffected by enzymes

A

Kell

28
Q

reagents that denature Kell

A

AET
DTT
ZZAP
2-ME

29
Q

antibody that can react at any phase

A

Lewis

30
Q

antibody enhanced by acidification

A

M

31
Q

antibody enhanced by alkalinization

A

N

32
Q

antibody that is a common cause of anamnestic repsonse

A

Kidd

33
Q

antibodies optimal at room temperature (immediate spin phase)

A 
I, H, IH
MN
P1
Lea, Leb
Lua
34
Q

antibodies optimal at 37C

A

D, E

K

35
Q

antibodies optimal at antiglobulin phase

A 
Rh
K
Duffy
Kidd
Ss
Lub
Xga
36
Q

masks clinically significant antibodies, typically weak and often diluted out to relatively high titer despite the weak reaction

A

high titer, low avidity antibodies (HTLA)

37
Q

most common HTLA

A

Chido/Rogers

38
Q

described the PRINCIPLE of antiglobulin technique

A

Carlo Moreschi

39
Q

INTRODUCED the antiglobulin test

A

Coombs, Mourant and Race

40
Q

sensitivity of the AHG reagent

A

100 to 500 IgG per RBC

400 to 1100 C3d per RBC

41
Q

AHG ratio of serum to cells

A

40: 1 (2 drops to 5% RCS)
133: 1 (4 drops to 3% RCS)

42
Q

sample of choice for DAT

A

whole blood in EDTA

43
Q

sample of choice for IAT

A

serum/plasma

44
Q

when is DAT requested?

A

HTR
HDFN
AIHA
DIHA

45
Q

when is IAT requested?

A 
weak D
crossmatch
antibody screen
antibody titration
red cell phenotyping
46
Q

AHG reagent primarily used in DAT

A

polyspecific AHG

47
Q

AHG reagent primarily ised in DIFFERENTIAL DAT

A

monospecific AHG

48
Q

potential reasons for a false negative result upon addition of check cells

A

WAR
failure to WASH
failure to ADD reagent
failure to REACT

49
Q

increases the rate of antibody uptake

A

LISS

50
Q

components of LISS

A

NaCl
glycine
salt-poor albumin

51
Q

LISS serum to cell ratio

A

40:1

52
Q

reaction time of LISS

A

5-15 mins

53
Q

concentrates the antibody in the test environment

A

PEG

54
Q

reaction time of PEG

A

10-30 minutes

55
Q

adjusts the zeta potential of RBC

A

BSA

56
Q

reaction time of BSA

A

15-60 minutes

57
Q

removes negative charges from RBCs

A 
enzymes:
papain from papaya
ficin
trypsin 
bromelin from pineapple
58
Q

concentration, pH of NSS

A

0.85% to 0.9%, pH 6.5 to 7.5

59
Q

pH of phosphate buffered saline in NSS

A

pH 7.2 to 7.4

60
Q

also known as column agglutination

A

gel testing

Immunohematology (5 decks)

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