Routes of Administration Flashcards
______ administration uses the GI tract and is the safest, slowest, and most variable route. This includes oral, sublingual, and rectal.
Enteral Administration
______ means the drug is swallowed.
Oral
_______ effect means drugs metabolize in the GI and liver before it reaches systemic circulation
First-Pass Effect
______ means the drug is placed under the tongue (nitroglycerine). Commonly used to relieve cardiac conditions (nitrates), it avoids first-pass effect, and the capillaries under the tongue speed up absorption.
Sublingual
______ means the drug is placed in the rectum and avoids first-pass effect.
Rectal
______ administration occurs elsewhere in the body other than the mouth and alimentary canal. The drugs bypass the GI tract.
Parenteral Administration
_______ means the drug directly enters the systemic circulation, it is. 100% instant, it is the best way to control the level of drugs and is used in emergency situations as well as chemotherapy.
Intravenous (IV)
_____ means drugs are injected into muscles (Epi-pen), and the drug is absorbed rapidly and is increased when massaged.
Intramuscular
______ is when a drug is injected under the skin but not into the muscles (Insulin).
Subcutaneous
______ is when a drug is injected into the dermal layer (Allergy or TB skin test).
Intradermal
_______is when a drug is applied to the body surface and absorbed slowly by capillaries under the skin (hydrocortisone/ nicotine patches).
- Effects last a long time through slow absorption.
- Less effective on keratinized tissue.
- Topical drugs are more concentrated, therefore toxicity should be carefully monitored.
Topical/transdermal
_____ is when a drug is absorbed through the lungs (nitrous oxide/albuterol).
Inhalation
