Pharmacokinetics Flashcards
What the body does to the drug.
Pharmacokinetics
What are the 4 pharmacokinetic properties that determine the speed of the onset, the intensity of the effect, and the duration of the drug’s action? (AMDE)
Absorption
Metabolism
Distribution
Elimination
_____ Is the entry of the therapeutic agent into the bloodstream.
Absorption
_______ of the drug to other parts of the body.
Distribution
______ is when the body breaks down and converts medication into other chemical substances.
- Liver is the primary site, following blood, lungs, etc.
Metabolism (Biotransformation)
_______ when drugs and their metabolites are removed from the body.
Elimination
_____ is the time it takes for the body to eliminate half of the drug that is present in the body.
Half-Life
T/F - Every drug has a different half-life.
True
Drugs and their metabolites are excreted through primarily the _______ and are flushed out from the body through______.
Kidneys
Urine
T/F - Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.
True
______ are microscopic units that filter the blood and produce urine.
Nephrons
_____ is a network of capillaries that performs the first step in filtering and each nephron contains one.
Glomerulus
_______ system is part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary actions such as the beating of the heart. (It automatically occurs)
- Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
The autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Fight or flight is which nervous system?
Sympathetic Nervous System (SANS)
_____ drugs stimulate these receptors and mimic the effects of the SANS. (albuterol treats asthma as a broncholdilator)
Adrenergic
______ drugs block (Anti-) these receptors, produce opposite effects of the SANS and decrease blood pressure (beta-blockers “-olol” slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure).
Anti-adrenergic
Rest and digest is which nervous system?
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PANS)
_____ is the neurotransmitter that mediates responses and acts as the cholinergic receptors.
Acetylcholine
_______ drugs stimulate these receptors and produce the effects of the PANS (Pilocarpine is used in tx of xerostomia to increase salivation)
- Contraindicated for cardiac conditions due to side effects.
Cholinergic
______ drugs block (Anti-) receptors and produce the opposite effects of rest and digest (Atropine decreases salivation).
Anticholinergic
T/F - The rate and efficacy of a drug’s absorption depend on the route of administration, pKa of the drug, drug solubility, and pH of the media.
True
T/F - The autonomic nervous system is part of the peripheral system that controls involuntary actions of the body.
True
