Cardiovascular System

Question 1

_____ means the blood vessels allow a better flow of oxygen to the heart muscles.
-Nitroglycerine helps prevent angina and is taken sublingually for faster absorption (avoids GI tract).

Answer 1

Vasodilate

Question 2

______ is a congestive heart failure medication used for congestive heart failure. It increases the force of cardiac contraction and may cause gag reflex and salivation.
- Epinephrine should be used with caution - a high dose can increase heart dysrhythmia

Answer 2

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Question 3

_______ is a congestive heart failure medication treats high blood pressure, heart failure, excessive aldosterone secretion, and reduces swelling from liver disease.

Answer 3

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 4

______ agents treat irregular heart rhythms such as tachycardia ( over 100 beats per minute), bradycardia (less than 60 beats per minute), and atrial fibrillation.

Answer 4

Anti-Arrhythmia

Question 5

_______ agents are blood thinners that reduce the ability to blood clot.
- Used after MI or stroke events.

Answer 5

Anti-Coagulation

Question 6

______ is a test performed in laboratories to check the blood clotting time.

• The higher the number the longer it takes for coagulation
• Levels 3 and under are safe ranges for dental procedures.

Answer 6

INR ( International Normalized Ratio)

Question 7

_____ may cause excessive bleeding.

Answer 7

NSAID (Aspirin)

Question 8

_____ is an anti-coagulant medication that interferes with the production of vitamin K needed for clotting. Requires INR prior to dental tx.

Answer 8

Warafarin (Coumadin)

Question 9

T/F - Aspirin 81 mg daily does not cause excessive bleeding.

Answer 9

True - Baby Aspirin does not cause excessive bleeding

Question 10

T/F - Antihypertensive drugs cause orthostatic hypotension to some extent or another. Getting up quickly can lead to the pooling of blood in the extremities and light-headedness.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T/F - Diuretics are a first-line drug class for treating hypertension.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F - Calcium channel blockers can cause gingival hyperplasia.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F - The MRD for patients when taking non-selective beta-blockers is 2 cartridges or 0.04 mg of epinephrine.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Drugs in the class of ACE inhibitors end with the suffix -pril.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F - During an acute angina attack, nitroglycerin is taken sublingually for faster absorption into the body.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

T/F - Antiarrhythmic agents are used to treat irregular heart rhythms such as tachycardia, bradycardia, and atrial fibrillation.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F - When treating patients on blood thinner medications, an INR level of 3 or lower is a safe range for dental TX.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T/F - Baby Aspirin (81mg) is most commonly used to prevent Myocardial Infarction (MI) in patients who have already experienced MI and does NOT cause excessive bleeding.

Answer 18

True