Analgesia Flashcards
_______ means fever reducing and affects the hypothalamus (controls body temperature).
Antipyretic
_____ mean inflammation reducing.
Ant-Inflammatory
_____ means pain-relieving.
Analgesic
_____ are commonly used for arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory benefits.
- It can interfere with the blood’s ability to clot and it contraindicated with blood thinners (Coumadin), it can cause GI irritation (avoid with peptic ulcers).
- Aspirin is a major GI irritant.
- Nephropathies associated with chronic use are common.
NSAIDS ( Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)
_____ is used as an anti-platelet agent (salicylic acid).
Aspirin
______ is antipyretic and analgesic, but not anti-inflammatory. Has no effect on blood coagulation (drug of choice for patients on blood thinners with kidney disorders).
Acetaminophen
_____ drugs that derive from the plant opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
- Depresses the CNS and supresses pain pathways.
- Used as analgesics and for sedation.
- Side efefcts include euphoria, sleep, respiratoty depression, constipation and mitosis (pinpoint pupil).
Opioids
The three opioid receptors are_____, _____ and _____.
mu
kappa
Delta
T/F - Pure agonist opioids stimulate all the opioid receptors, but mostly mu receptors. Examples include, morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadonek, etc.
True
T/F - Partial agonists bind to an opiate receptor but are less affect cautious than pur agonist opioids.
Example: buprenorphine
True
T/F -Agonist and antagonist opioids block one type of opioid receptor, while stimulating another.
Example: butorphanol
True
T/F - Pure antagonist opioids attach to the opioid receptors but do not activate them. These drugs are reversal agents for opioids.
Examples: naloxone & nalmefene.
True
_____ is an opioid antagonist and is used to treat opioid overdose (Narcan).
Naloxone
_____ drug is the most commonly used opioid in. dentistry.
- Can be used as a cough supressant.
- Tylenol + drug = Tylenol 3, which provides greater relief.
Codeine
_____ abusers exhibit dilated pupils (mydriasis).
Cocaine
_____ is the first natural opiate used for acute or severe pain.
Morphine
_____ is a semi-synthetic opioid.
Oxycodone
Oxycodone + acetaminophen = ________.
Percocet (aCETaminphen)
Oxycodone + aspirin = __________.
Percodan
_____ is used to alleviate anxiety in patients.
- Can relax skeletal muscles (a patient with cerebral palsy).
- Stage 1 Anesthesia (lowest, 4 is the highest).
- Patient can hear and respond to any request or direction given by the dentist.
- No biotransformation occurs, gas is excreted through exhalation.
- COPD, airway congestion, pregnancy, cyctsic fibrosis, infections, emotional illness, and history of substance abuse are contraindications.
Nitrous Oxide
T/F - Nitrous oxide tank is blue, oxygen tank is green.
True
T/F - The major symptom of opioid overdose is respiratory depression.
True
T/F - Patients with asthma should avoid acetaminophen.
True
T/F - Patients may be using Aspirin for arthritis.
True
T/F - Asthma is NOT a contraindication to Nitrous Oxide use.
True
T/F - NSAIDs are a class od non-opioid drugs that act by blocking the formation of pain mediators in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
True
T/F - Acetaminphen is effective as an antipyretic and analgesic, but not an anti-inflammatory drug.
True
T/F - Codeine is the most commonly used opioid in dentistry.
True
T/F - Once nitrous oxide is terminated on a patient, 100% oxygen should be delivered for at least 5 minutes or until the patient feel sthey have recovered and can safely stand up.
True
