Roundworms - Nematoda Flashcards
Nematodes have ________ body cavities
False
What is the biggest type of Nematodea? (2)
- Nematoda
- Nematomorpha
What are the unusual types (ocean dwellers)
- Kinorhyncha
- Priapulida
3.Loricifera
What habitats are Nematodes found in?
- Marine
- Freshwater
- Interstitial
- Endophytic
- Endozoic
T/F: Roundworms have a muscular gut that helps them push food through it
True!
T/F: Roundworms have a short, muscular intestine
False
What is the purpose of the intestine?
Absorption
T/F: Roundworms do not have anuses
False
What is the body wall made out of?
A collagenous, non-cellular cuticle
What does the cuticle secrete?
The syncytial hypodermis
T/F: Roundworms have a longitudinal muscle but no circular muscle
True
Do nematodes have a rigid skeletal structure?
No
T/F: The cuticle of a worm is designed to be strong, elastic, and non-stretchy
True
FITB: Internal turgor pressure is useful for _______ and ____________ support
- Movement
- Structural
What is the main function of longitudinal muscles?
To pull one side of the worm (which increases the internal turgor pressure) which allows the worm to be bendy like a spring
T/F: When muscles relax, pressure (fluid) does not straighten out the worm
False
How do worms control their overall internal pressure?
Osmoregulation
What is a key structure in a nematodes nervous system?
Dorsal and ventral nerve cords
Nematodes have ___ lateral excretory ducts & gland cells
2
T/F: Nematodes have protonephridia and flame cells
False; they don’t have either
T/F: Roundworms have circulatory and respiratory systems
False; they are very simple animals (have a body cavity instead)
Nematode’s body size and shape allows them to perform which process?
Diffusion
Are nematodes monoecious or dioecious?
Dioecious
Do nematodes complete fertilization through external or internal fertilization?
Internal; remember the diagram
This or that: In regards to the reproductive system, which sex type has posterior copulatory spicules?
Male
T/F: Copulatory spicules are true intromittant organs
False
Is sperm actively transported during reproduction?
No
T/F: Sperm are ameboid
True
T/F: The male has a combined ovary and vitelline gland with a genital pore for copulation and egg release
False; the female has all of these parts
In reproduction terms, how many “juvenile stages” are gone through with 4 cuticle molts?
4
What is the name of the most famous nematode?
Eutely
FITB: Eutely nematodes are composed of the same number of ______ in all individuals in a species
Cells
Are most animals eutelic?
No
What is the scientific name of Eutely?
Caenorhabditis elegans
Parasitic nematodes include __________, _________, and ___________
HPW
- Hookworm
- Pinworm
- Whipworm
T/F: Ringworm is a fungus
True
What is the name of the intestinal parasites of mammals?
Ascaris
What ascarid is commonly found in dogs and cats?
Toxocara
Toxocara is transmitted when juveniles migrate from their host to the host’s __________
Offspring
T/F: Toxocara crawls under your skin
True
Can Toxocara be transmitted to humans causing visceral larva migrans?
Yes
Can Toxocara finish its lifecycle in humans?
No
What 2 genera are included in Hookworms?
- Necator
- Anclyostoma
This or that: Hookworms have a distinctive anterior/posterior hook shape
Anterior
T/F: Hookworms can be transmitted orally or burrowing into human skin
True
T/F: Hookworms are not a migrating species in humans or other hosts
False
Hookworms migrate from the bloodstream to which other part of the body in humans?
The gut
Hookworms are ______-suckers in the gut
Blood
T/F: Hookworms can cause anemia in humans
True
What is the causative agent of trichinosis?
Trichinella spiralis
What is the mode of transmission for Trichinella?
Eating undercooked pork/wild game with encysted larvae inside
T/F: Trichinella juveniles are not intracellular parasites that can redirect gene expression
False; they are and can!
Are pinworms dangerous?
No, just a nuisance
T/F: Children are prone to get pinworms
True
FITB: Dracunculus is a ________ nematode that develops just below the skin
African
