Biological classifications Flashcards
The diversity of life comes from which 3 categories/classifications of organisms?
Fungi, Plantae & Animalia
What classification is listed below Plantae directly?
Protista
What bacteria category falls below protista?
Archeabacteria
What bacteria category is related to archeabacteria?
Eubacteria
What 5 factors make up an animal?
- Eukaryotic organism
- No cell walls
- Multicellular
- Motile during part or all of life
- ingestion feeders
T/F: Animals make up a large relative number of named species in regards to relative species richness
Animals include beetles, flies, wasps, butterflies, invertebrates, etc
True
Beetles - 20%
Flies - 9%
Wasps - 8%
Butterflies & moths - 7%
Other insects - 13%
Other invertebrates - 12%
FITB: Plants/algae make up ___% of the relative numbers of named species
18%
T/F: Fungi make up 4% of named species and other organisms make up 6%
True
Biological Classifications
Why do we classify organisms?
To put things in boxes
Biological Classifications
What is taxonomy?
Naming things & categorizing them respectively
Biological Classifications
What is the study of phylogenetics?
Study of ancestry; family tree; evolutionary history
Biological Classifications
What is the study of cladistics?
Methodology of phylogenetics
Evolutionary Relationships Among Domains
T/F: Archea did not come first historically
False! They did
Evolutionary Relationships Among Domains
What are the 3 domains?
- Archea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
Evolutionary Relationships Among Domains
T/F: A cladogram shows evolutionary relationships with a common ancestor with now existing domains
True!
Evolution of Classification
Who first classified organisms?
Aristotle
Hierarchical System of Organism Classification
T/F: You should never write scientific names of species/organisms in italics or underline (if typing)
False! You must ALWAYS do this!
Taxonomic Hierarchy
List in order the taxonomic hierarchy
Start with singular
Dumb Kids Playing Cards On Freeways Get Smushed
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Taxonomic Hierarchy
List in order the taxonomic hierarchy
Now do sigular & plural
Dumb Kids Playing Cards On Freeways Get Smushed
- Domain - Domains
- Kingdom - Kingdoms
- Phylum - Phyla
- Class - Classes
- Order - Orders
- Family - Families
- Genus - Genera
- Species - Species
What is symmetry?
When something has the same shape, size and position on both sides of a dividing line
What are eubacteria?
A domain that contains all prokaryotes except archeabacteria
What are archea?
One of two prokaryotic domains of life that lives in extreme environments
What is entymology?
The study of insects
What is protozoology?
The study of protozoa
T/F: Insects “shed” their skin
False! They molt their skin
How do we categorize animals?
5 categories
- Symmetry
- Organizational complexity
- Types of embryonic tissues present
- Developmental pattern
- Segmentation
How do we categorize animals? pt 2
Increasing complexity in Body Plans (“Bauplane”) reflects evolutionary development through animal history
What does primitive mean?
Ancestor
What is the opposite of primitive?
Eurot/Eurod
What are the 3 types of Symmetry called?
- Spherical
- Radial
- Bilateral
Body segmentation occurs in how many phyla?
3
What does an animal need to do to “make a living?”
- Survive
- Grow
- Reproduce
What is homeostasis?
The maintenence of internal conditions
T/F: It is not required for protists and all other organisms to perform homeostasis
False!
Organ Systems
What are some of the 4 main organ systems?
S, M, INTE, D
- Skeletal
- Muscle
- Integumentary
- Digestive
Organ Systems
What are the other 4 organ systems?
N, E, C, L
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Circulatory
- Lymphatic
What are the last 4 main organ system types?
E/O, G-E(R), I, REPR
- Excretory/Osmoregulatory
- Gas-exchange (Respiratory)
- Immune
- Reproductive
