Roseberry Round 3 Flashcards
- 1 month: demonstrates regard for caregivers face and nearby objects
- 3 months: visually searches for sources of sound
- 4 months: localizes sound sources
- 6 months: shakes toys to make noise
- 11 months: recognize their own name when called
- 12 months: uses common objects appropriately
cognitive developments infants
social developments
- 1 month- establishes eye contact with caregiver
- 3 month: exhibits selective social smile
- 10 months: gives toy on request
- 12 month: exhibits emotions such as sympathy, jealousy, affection.
social developments infants
- 2 months: achieves visual focus
- 3 months : reaches for and grasps objects
- 5 months: sits up with slight support.
- 7 months: crawls and pulls self to stand.
motor development infants
Babies can point to what they want.
-if a child is not pointing by her first birthday, we suspect autism.
by one year of age.
-Ability to engage in reciprocal interactions, routines, and general exchanges with others
-Ability to recognize and attend to environmental change
-Awareness that she can be an agent of change in
her own environment
GENERAL PRECURSORS TO LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
- Journal of speech
- examined 5000 Australian preschoolers
- found: breastfed children had better receptive vocabularies than bottlefed children.
Harrison, L.J., & McLeod, S. (2010). Risk and protective factors associated with speech and language impairment… Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 508-529.
birth cry, vegetative sounds
0-1 months
cooing
1-4 months
marginal babbling
4-6 months
vocal play, reduplicated and nonreduplicated babbling
6-8 months
echolalia
8-12 months
9-12 months
9-12 months.
lip and tongue clicks,
associated with feeding and digesting, like cries, burps
vegetative sounds
sound productions that are more vowel like in nature, typically with /u/ quality
cooing
production of a variety of vowel like sounds with occasional vocal tract closure, which together approximate simple consonant vowel syllables (CV) or VC
marginal babbling
string of repetitive syllables
reduplicated babbling
strings of syllables are more varied
nonreduplicated babbling
consists of strings of syllables produced with stress and intonation that mimic real speech.
jargon
infants’ relatively immediate reproduction of speech heard in the immediate environment
echolalia
This consists of strings of syllables produced with stress and intonation that sound like real speech
jargon
This is the baby’s relatively immediate reproduction of speech heard in the immediate environment
echolalia
The most common sounds are the front and middle sounds
By 1 year of age, most American babies use: /h, d, b, m, t, g, w, n, k/
during babbling
observe same babies over extended period of time
longitudinal research
simultaneously observe groups of babies who are different ages
For example, in October, 2012, they might observe ten 8-month olds, ten 9-month olds, and ten 10-month olds.
cross sectional research
- get a baseline of the baby’s behavior
- eg. they might try to see how often a baby spontaneously vocalizes in a 10 minute time period when no one does anything special.
- then they introduce a variable, such as a musical toy to see if the baby vocalizes more.
in a single subject experimental design.
Caregivers infer messages–impose communicative significance on babies’ behaviors such as vocal sounds, cries, and smiles.
Prelocutionary stage 0-6 months
- There is stimulation of laryngeal and oral functions
- Crying alerts caregivers to the baby’s needs
- Babies begin to understand cause-effect relationships—they cry (cause), and there is an effect (someone comes to meet their needs)
when babies cry..
After 12 weeks of age, there should be a significant decrease in the amount of crying.
-between 2-4 months of age, pleasure sounds like “mmm” begin to emerge.
Paul and Norbury 2012
- _____ smiles result from internal physiological stimuli
- They occur primarily during sleep
reflexive
______ smiles occur in response to another person
social
- very early in life, babies like things with sharp contrasts and things that move
- by the end of the second month, babies can maintain eye contact with their caregivers
in terms of gaze patterns..
shared activity that provides the topic of the caregiver’s utterances as well as providing the focus of attention.
joint action
caregivers utterances and shared attention are focused on one object
joint reference
alternation of responses and pauses between participants in an activity
turn taking
- caregivers often play games such as patty cake, peek a boo, and so on.
- foundation of dialogue..
caregivers also engage babies in turntaking
- caregivers interpret the babies’ actions and vocalizations to mean something
- babies’ contributions to interaction are basically beyond their control
perlocutionary stage
-baby is trying to establish interactions with others (generic-pay attention to me)
interactional, (perlocutionary stage)
baby wants someone to help her obtain an object
instrumental (perlocutionary stage)
The baby’s behavior is consciously directed toward influencing other people to act on some object (e.g., the baby points at a balloon)
illocutionary stage
Personal—the baby expresses a sense of herself and her personal feelings
Regulatory—baby is trying to obtain a particular type of interaction (e.g., being picked up, getting fed, trying to get a toy)
halliday classified communicative functions of illocutionary stage
- Phonetically consistent forms
- These are not attempts at real words
- They are reliably associated with certain situations
- For example, when the family dog comes in, the baby may say “eebye”
babies also often use
have bright pictures
- be fairly short
- be indestructible (plastic is good)
- have simple pictures esp. of common objects
- maybe have some textures for the baby to feel (animal fur)
books for babies should
in some cultures (japanese) mothers have more physical contact with their babies and vocalize less.
- american mothers typically respond more to sounds of distress.
- caregivers in botswana are more likely to interact with a baby when she is not focusing on an object
cultural and socioeconomic differences
- thai mothers use a falling pitch pattern
- american mothers often use a rising intonation
to gain their babies attention
caregivers silent with infants believing that talking with infants is not important
- more focus on physical affection meeting the baby’s physical needs.
- the baby may have much more interaction with siblings than with the mother like samoan cultures
in some cultures
- low SES mothers use more orders and commands; middle SES mothers ask more questions
- low SES parents often talk to their babies much less frequently
why should i tlak to him? he can’t talk back to me yet!
-may also be too tired to do this
