Root Lab

Question 1

what is the first organ to emerge from a seed?

Answer 1

root (radicle)

Question 2

what are the three tissue systems of a root?

Answer 2

1. dermal
2. vascular (transport)
3. ground (filler)

Question 3

what three primary meristems make the tissue of roots?

Answer 3

1. protoderm
2. procambium
3. ground meristem

Question 4

what plant groups have taproot systems?

Answer 4

gymnosperms and dicots

Question 5

what does a taproot consist of?

Answer 5

one major root with lateral branch roots

Question 6

what plant group has a fibrous root system?

Answer 6

monocots

Question 7

what does a fibrous root system consist of?

Answer 7

primary root dies off, formed of adventitious roots and their branches

Question 8

what are the three regions of a root?

Answer 8

1. zone of maturation
2. zone of elongation
3. zone of division

Question 9

where are root hairs found?

Answer 9

zone of maturation

Question 10

what are root hairs?

Answer 10

single, long cells that increase surface area for absorption by osmosis

Question 11

what is the root cap?

Answer 11

protective bubble that prevents damage to the RAM

Question 12

what are the 4 functions of roots?

Answer 12

1. anchorage
2. absorption
3. storgae
4. conduction

Question 13

in which part of the root does the gravitropic response occurr?

Answer 13

in root cap

Question 14

what causes the differences between intact and decapitated roots?

Answer 14

decapitated roots are depleted of starch

Question 15

what are pneumatophores?

Answer 15

specialized roots for absorptio of air

Question 16

what does the protostele root look like?

Answer 16

xylem in an X

Question 17

what type of plants have protostele root arrangement?

Answer 17

dicots

Question 18

what is the function of the cortex?

Answer 18

starch storage in plastids

Question 19

what is the function of the endodermis?

Answer 19

regulates water and other substances entering root

Question 20

what is the function of the pericycle?

Answer 20

keeps plant upright, site of new branch roots

Question 21

what is the function of the pith?

Answer 21

transport and storage of nutrients

Question 22

what does a eustele arrangement of root look like?

Answer 22

bundles of vascular tissue in ring (only monocots)

Question 23

what does a siphonostele arrangement look like?

Answer 23

two rings of vascular tissue (only in monocots)

Question 24

how are the roots of hydrophytes modified?

Answer 24

large air spaces called aerenchyma

Question 25

what are epiphytes?

Answer 25

plants that grow on other plants for physical support

Question 26

how are the roots of epiphytes modified?

Answer 26

not subterranean, but aerial, and some develop multi-layered epidermis called the velamen

Question 27

how are the roots of parasitic plants modifed?

Answer 27

“haustoria” enter host tissue and take over vascualr system to steal nutrients

Question 28

what are mycorrhizal roots?

Answer 28

roots that form symbiotic relatioship with fungus, which provies more nutrients

Question 29

what replaces root hairs in mycorrhizal roots?

Answer 29

mycelia