Root Lab Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

what is the first organ to emerge from a seed?

A

root (radicle)

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2
Q

what are the three tissue systems of a root?

A
  1. dermal
  2. vascular (transport)
  3. ground (filler)
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3
Q

what three primary meristems make the tissue of roots?

A
  1. protoderm
  2. procambium
  3. ground meristem
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4
Q

what plant groups have taproot systems?

A

gymnosperms and dicots

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5
Q

what does a taproot consist of?

A

one major root with lateral branch roots

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6
Q

what plant group has a fibrous root system?

A

monocots

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7
Q

what does a fibrous root system consist of?

A

primary root dies off, formed of adventitious roots and their branches

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8
Q

what are the three regions of a root?

A
  1. zone of maturation
  2. zone of elongation
  3. zone of division
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9
Q

where are root hairs found?

A

zone of maturation

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10
Q

what are root hairs?

A

single, long cells that increase surface area for absorption by osmosis

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11
Q

what is the root cap?

A

protective bubble that prevents damage to the RAM

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12
Q

what are the 4 functions of roots?

A
  1. anchorage
  2. absorption
  3. storgae
  4. conduction
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13
Q

in which part of the root does the gravitropic response occurr?

A

in root cap

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14
Q

what causes the differences between intact and decapitated roots?

A

decapitated roots are depleted of starch

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15
Q

what are pneumatophores?

A

specialized roots for absorptio of air

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16
Q

what does the protostele root look like?

A

xylem in an X

17
Q

what type of plants have protostele root arrangement?

18
Q

what is the function of the cortex?

A

starch storage in plastids

19
Q

what is the function of the endodermis?

A

regulates water and other substances entering root

20
Q

what is the function of the pericycle?

A

keeps plant upright, site of new branch roots

21
Q

what is the function of the pith?

A

transport and storage of nutrients

22
Q

what does a eustele arrangement of root look like?

A

bundles of vascular tissue in ring (only monocots)

23
Q

what does a siphonostele arrangement look like?

A

two rings of vascular tissue (only in monocots)

24
Q

how are the roots of hydrophytes modified?

A

large air spaces called aerenchyma

25
what are epiphytes?
plants that grow on other plants for physical support
26
how are the roots of epiphytes modified?
not subterranean, but aerial, and some develop multi-layered epidermis called the velamen
27
how are the roots of parasitic plants modifed?
"haustoria" enter host tissue and take over vascualr system to steal nutrients
28
what are mycorrhizal roots?
roots that form symbiotic relatioship with fungus, which provies more nutrients
29
what replaces root hairs in mycorrhizal roots?
mycelia