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Botany > Flower Lab > Flashcards

Flower Lab Flashcards

1
Q

flowers are a modified form or which organ?

A

leaves

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2
Q

how are wind-pollinated flowers modified?

A

large floppy stamens with feathery stigma, usually not much resource goes into sepals or flowers

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3
Q

how are animal-pollinated flowers modified?

A

attraction to animals, such as nectar glands, large receptacles for landing, sturdy tubular structures for hummingbird beaks

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4
Q

what are the four basic flower parts?

A
  1. sepals
  2. petals
  3. pistil
  4. stamens
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5
Q

what is the function of the sepals?

A

typically Ps and protection of delicate petals

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6
Q

what is the function of the petals?

A

provide landing and attraction to animal pollinators

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7
Q

what is the function of the pistil?

A

produce the ovule

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8
Q

what is the function of the stamens?

A

pollen-bearing (produce sperm)

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9
Q

what is the receptacle?

A

location of flower stalk where the flower parts are attached

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10
Q

what is the peduncle?

A

the stem of a flower

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11
Q

what are complete flowers?

A

flowers with four main flower parts

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12
Q

what are incomplete flowers?

A

flowers that do not have all the four main flower parts

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13
Q

what are perfect flowers?

A

flowers with both male and female reproductive organs

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14
Q

what are imperfect flowers?

A

flowers that do not have both male and female reproductive organs

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15
Q

what is an advanatge of imperfect flowers? Why is it an advantage?

A

increase probability of outcrossing because they cannot self-pollinate. This increases genetic diversity

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16
Q

monocots have flower parts in multiples of

A

3’s

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17
Q

dicots have flower parts in multiples of

A

4’s or 5’s

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18
Q

what does the perianth consist of?

A

sepals and petals

19
Q

what structural features of sepals help their function of protection?

A
  1. sclerenchyma

2. waxy cuticle

20
Q

what is a hypanthium?

A

perianth fused into tube part way up, stamen filaments are sometimes included

21
Q

what is the structure of stamens?

A

filaments holding pair of anther sacs

22
Q

how are the anther sacs of wind-pollinated flowers attached to filaments?

A

at a single point

23
Q

how are the anther sacs of animal-pollinated flowers attached to filaments?

A

along their length

24
Q

what are the three parts of the pistil?

A
  1. ovary
  2. style
  3. stigma
25
Q

what is the only part of the flower that is receptive to pollen?

A

stigma

26
Q

what is a hypogynous flower? What ovary type is it?

A

other flower parts attach below the ovary. Superior ovary

27
Q

what is an epigyous flower? What ovary type is it?

A

other flower parts attach above ovary. Inferior ovary

28
Q

what is a perigynous flower? What is the ovary type?

A

perianth and stamens appear to attach above the ovary, but form a hypanthium that attaches below. 1/2 inferior ovary

29
Q

what two cells are contained in the pollen grain?

A
  1. tube cell

2. generative cell

30
Q

what is the function of the tube cell?

A

controls development of pollen tube, which penetrates and digests through stigma and style to ovule

31
Q

what is the name of the opening in an ovule?

A

micropyle

32
Q

what is the function of the generative cell?

A

follow tube cell down the tube, divide into two nuclei, one to fuse withegg to form diplod zygote, and other to fuse with diplod nucleus to form triploid endosperm

33
Q

what is the K?

A

calyx, number of sepals

34
Q

what is the C?

A

corolla, number of petals

35
Q

what is the A?

A

androecium, number of stamens

36
Q

what is the G?

A

gynoecium, number of carpels in ovary

37
Q

what do brackets indicate in the floral formula?

A

fusion

38
Q

how would you represent anthers fused into a ring in the floral formula?

A

curved line over the number of stamens

39
Q

how is a hypanthium represented in the floral formula?

A

curved line underneath from K to A

40
Q

how is an epigynous flower represented in the floral formula?

A

a hat above the G

41
Q

what is regular floral symmetry, and what is the other name for it?

A

radial. Actinomorphic

42
Q

what is irregular floral symmetry, and what is the other name for it?

A

bilateral. Zygomorphic

43
Q

in some cultivars, the petals are actually

A

petaloid stamens

Botany (10 decks)

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