Lecture: Secondary Meristems

Question 1

secondary growth uses what 2 meristems?

Answer 1

vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 2

the vascular system of monocots and herbaceous dicots are __

Answer 2

closed

Question 3

where is the vascular cambium located?

Answer 3

between xylem and phloem

Question 4

how many cells thick is the vascular cambium?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

initials are initially dormant and are under ___ control

Answer 5

hormonal

Question 6

to add girth, there must be a complete __ of cells

Answer 6

ring

Question 7

what would happen if there was not a complete ring of cells for growth in girth?

Answer 7

grow unevenly

Question 8

in a vascular bundle, the vc is called the

Answer 8

fascicular cambium

Question 9

what is the gap between fascicles called?

Answer 9

interfascicular gap

Question 10

how is a complete ring made in a eustele?

Answer 10

the gaps between bundles form the interfascicular cambium which connects to fascicular cambium to form complete ring

Question 11

the Vc initials divide ___

Answer 11

periclinally

Question 12

all cells produced by secondary meristems are __ tissues

Answer 12

secondary

Question 13

___ and ___ get pushed towards the outside as more cells are made

Answer 13

phloem and vc

Question 14

to increase surface area, cells must be added by __ divisions

Answer 14

anticlinal

Question 15

increased girth raises the issue of needing to transport ___

Answer 15

laterally

Question 16

describe shape of fusiform initials

Answer 16

vertical, long and narrow

Question 17

how do fusiform initials grow, and what do they produce?

Answer 17

periclinally; secondary xylem and phloem

Question 18

describe shape of ray initials

Answer 18

horizontal, long and narrow

Question 19

what way do ray initials divide and what do they produce?

Answer 19

anticlinally; parenchyma that make rays

Question 20

what is the newest wood called? Is it functional?

Answer 20

sapwood, functional

Question 21

what is the oldest wood called? Is it functional?

Answer 21

heartwood, non-functional

Question 22

what causes annual rings?

Answer 22

temperate seasonality, cells get smaller in the winter which makes thin rings separating the thicker summer rings

Question 23

the epidermis is replaced by

Answer 23

derivatives of phellogen

Question 24

the cork cambium originates

Answer 24

under epidermis in cortex

Question 25

the cork cambium divides

Answer 25

periclinally

Question 26

what is cork made of?

Answer 26

dense dead cells, suberin, wax, lignin

Question 27

what is a special feature of cork?

Answer 27

water and gas proof

Question 28

what is the phelloderm made of?

Answer 28

living parenchyma

Question 29

what is the tearing point for bark?

Answer 29

vc

Question 30

what is included in bark?

Answer 30

periderm and 2’ phloem

Question 31

what is outer bark?

Answer 31

periderm

Question 32

what is inner bark?

Answer 32

secondary phloem