Fruit Lab

Question 1

what are the two classes of simple fruit?

Answer 1

dry and fleshy

Question 2

what are the two classes of dry fruit?

Answer 2

dehiscent and indehiscent

Question 3

what is a dehiscent fruit?

Answer 3

a dry fruit that opens to release its seeds

Question 4

what is an indehiscent fruit?

Answer 4

a dry fruit that does not open to release its seeds

Question 5

what is a fruit?

Answer 5

mature, ripened ovary

Question 6

what are parthenocarpic fruits?

Answer 6

artificial hormones (gibberellins) added to induce fruit development without fertile seeds

Question 7

what are the two functions of fruit?

Answer 7

1. protection for developing embryo

2. seed dispersal

Question 8

what is the pericarp?

Answer 8

the protective ovary wall

Question 9

fruits can be classed based on what 2 general features?

Answer 9

1. number of units making up the fruit

2. texture of the mature plant

Question 10

a simple fruit is derived from how many ovaries? How many flowers?

Answer 10

1 ovary with one or fused carpels (1 flower)

Question 11

an aggregate fruit is derived from how many ovaries? How many flowers?

Answer 11

multiple ovaries from a single flower joined tigether at receptacle

Question 12

a multiple fruit is derived from how many ovaries? How many flowers?

Answer 12

multiple ovaries of multiple flowers fuse into one

Question 13

what are the three layers of the pericarp of fleshy fruits?

Answer 13

1. exocarp
2. mesocarp
3. endocarp

Question 14

what are the five types of indehiscent dry fruits?

Answer 14

1. samara
2. nuts
3. achenes
4. caryopsis
5. schizocarp

Question 15

what are achenes?

Answer 15

indehiscent dry fruits in which the pericarp and seed are attached at single point and seed in tightly enclosed by fruit.

Question 16

what are samaras?

Answer 16

indehiscent dry fruits that are modified achenes with wings (maple keys)

Question 17

what are caryopsis’?

Answer 17

indehiscent dry fruits (grains) in which the seed and fruit are completely fused

Question 18

what are nuts?

Answer 18

indehiscent dry fruits with very hard pericarps and seed often seated in rough involucre

Question 19

what are schizocarps?

Answer 19

indehiscent dry fruits made of 2/more units, splitting at maturity into 1-seeded indehiscent mericarps

Question 20

what are the 4 types of dehiscent dry fruits?

Answer 20

1. capsule
2. silique
3. legume
4. follicle

Question 21

what are capsules?

Answer 21

dehiscent dry fruits formed from fused carpels that release seeds through pores or lateral slits

Question 22

what are siliques?

Answer 22

dehiscent dry fruits that release seeds by splitting into 2 segemnts with septum in the middle

Question 23

what are legumes?

Answer 23

dehiscent dry fruits made of one folded leaf carpel that spilts down two seams and seeds attached along one side

Question 24

what are follicles?

Answer 24

dehiscnet dry fruits made of one folded leaf carpel that splits down one seam

Question 25

what are the 5 types of simple fleshy fruits?

Answer 25

1. drupe
2. berry
3. pepo
4. hesperidium
5. pome

Question 26

what are drupes?

Answer 26

simple fleshy fruits that have exocarp and fleshy or fibrous mesocarp with stoney endocarp

Question 27

what are berries?

Answer 27

simple fleshy fruits in which whole pericarp is fleshy and full of seeds. Comes from superior ovary

Question 28

what are pepos?

Answer 28

berries with leathery rind and inferior ovary (old flower parts attach at opposite end from stem)

Question 29

what are hesperidiums?

Answer 29

berries with leathery rind and inferior ovary (old flower parts attache at same end as stem)

Question 30

what are pomes?

Answer 30

simple fleshy fruits in which the fleshy portion represents the hypanthium of a flower. Old flower parts attach at opposite end from stalk

Question 31

what is an accessory fruit?

Answer 31

fleshy part represents a swollen receptacle, individual ovaries (achenes) dot the surface

Question 32

how can you tell if the fruit comes from a superior ovary?

Answer 32

smooth on one end