Fruit Lab Flashcards
what are the two classes of simple fruit?
dry and fleshy
what are the two classes of dry fruit?
dehiscent and indehiscent
what is a dehiscent fruit?
a dry fruit that opens to release its seeds
what is an indehiscent fruit?
a dry fruit that does not open to release its seeds
what is a fruit?
mature, ripened ovary
what are parthenocarpic fruits?
artificial hormones (gibberellins) added to induce fruit development without fertile seeds
what are the two functions of fruit?
- protection for developing embryo
2. seed dispersal
what is the pericarp?
the protective ovary wall
fruits can be classed based on what 2 general features?
- number of units making up the fruit
2. texture of the mature plant
a simple fruit is derived from how many ovaries? How many flowers?
1 ovary with one or fused carpels (1 flower)
an aggregate fruit is derived from how many ovaries? How many flowers?
multiple ovaries from a single flower joined tigether at receptacle
a multiple fruit is derived from how many ovaries? How many flowers?
multiple ovaries of multiple flowers fuse into one
what are the three layers of the pericarp of fleshy fruits?
- exocarp
- mesocarp
- endocarp
what are the five types of indehiscent dry fruits?
- samara
- nuts
- achenes
- caryopsis
- schizocarp
what are achenes?
indehiscent dry fruits in which the pericarp and seed are attached at single point and seed in tightly enclosed by fruit.
what are samaras?
indehiscent dry fruits that are modified achenes with wings (maple keys)
what are caryopsis’?
indehiscent dry fruits (grains) in which the seed and fruit are completely fused
what are nuts?
indehiscent dry fruits with very hard pericarps and seed often seated in rough involucre
what are schizocarps?
indehiscent dry fruits made of 2/more units, splitting at maturity into 1-seeded indehiscent mericarps
what are the 4 types of dehiscent dry fruits?
- capsule
- silique
- legume
- follicle
what are capsules?
dehiscent dry fruits formed from fused carpels that release seeds through pores or lateral slits
what are siliques?
dehiscent dry fruits that release seeds by splitting into 2 segemnts with septum in the middle
what are legumes?
dehiscent dry fruits made of one folded leaf carpel that spilts down two seams and seeds attached along one side
what are follicles?
dehiscnet dry fruits made of one folded leaf carpel that splits down one seam
what are the 5 types of simple fleshy fruits?
- drupe
- berry
- pepo
- hesperidium
- pome
what are drupes?
simple fleshy fruits that have exocarp and fleshy or fibrous mesocarp with stoney endocarp
what are berries?
simple fleshy fruits in which whole pericarp is fleshy and full of seeds. Comes from superior ovary
what are pepos?
berries with leathery rind and inferior ovary (old flower parts attach at opposite end from stem)
what are hesperidiums?
berries with leathery rind and inferior ovary (old flower parts attache at same end as stem)
what are pomes?
simple fleshy fruits in which the fleshy portion represents the hypanthium of a flower. Old flower parts attach at opposite end from stalk
what is an accessory fruit?
fleshy part represents a swollen receptacle, individual ovaries (achenes) dot the surface
how can you tell if the fruit comes from a superior ovary?
smooth on one end
