Romes imperial republic

Question 1

Discuss the causes, nature, and outcomes of each of the Samnite Wars, and the
Latin War.

1st saminite war

Answer 1

Rome and Capua (people in Campania) vs. The Samnites

Cause- Samnite raided Capua, Rome was in campania to gain control of fertile land there.

nature- short war due to romes power/military, however, no conclusion was acheived ( neither side made significant gains)

outcome- Rome protected there allance with the samnites

Question 2

Discuss the causes, nature, and outcomes of each of the Samnite Wars, and the
Latin War.

Latin war

Answer 2

Rome and Samnites vs. Latins, Capua, Volsci
Cause: discontent among Roman allies (Latins, Capua).
Rome’s growth and influence in the region began to undermine the Latin League which was the regional power at the time.

nature: many battles with many cities but rome remains on top

outcome: battle of Trigii= collapse of Latain leuge by romans
led to the creation of socii
Renewed treaty with Capua

Question 3

Discuss the causes, nature, and outcomes of each of the Samnite Wars, and the
Latin War.

2nd Samnite War

Answer 3

Rome (and allies) vs. The Samnites

cause:
- rome and samnites fighting over reigons
- The Roman colony at Fregellae was like a border between the two territories= caused tention
- Samnite capture of Neapolis

Nature:
1. Liberation of Neapolis by rome
2. Disaster at the Caudine Forks (321 BCE) = Romans were forced to surrender under humiliating terms
3. Recovery: moved to regain control; rome built its first road (via Appia) which improved troop movements and supply lines, pacified the etruscins , By 304 BCE, the Samnites sued for peace.

outcome:
Roman control of Campania and the central Apennines

Question 4

Discuss the causes, nature, and outcomes of each of the Samnite Wars, and the
Latin War.

3rd Samnite War

Answer 4

Rome (and allies) vs. The Samnites (and allies)

cause: Roman alliance with the Lucanians (being threatened by Samnites) directly provoked the Samnites
nature:
1. The Battle of Sentinum 295 BCE- The Roman army, numbering around 40,000, faced a coalition of Samnites, Gauls, Etruscans, and Umbrians. ROME W.
2. Decimus Mus, a Roman consul, performed a ritual self-sacrifice (devotio), dedicating his life to the gods to ensure Roman victory.
3. years of pacification

outcome:
Samnite cities become socii
Latin colony at Venusia- to secure control over key territories and prevent future uprisings.

Question 5

Explain the “socius system” and discuss its importance to Rome’s military strength.

Answer 5

• Allies (socii)
• Non-Roman peoples bound to Rome via treaties
• Some voluntary, some forced, all required to supply military support
• all of this allowed for the expansion of rome and is a key factor of what led to the collapse of the latain leuge and saminites
• examples: Campania after the Latin War.
  Samnite cities after the Third Samnite War.

Question 6

After the Samnite Wars?

Answer 6

Pacification of the Ager Gallicus (“Gallic Land”): Rome launched military campaigns to remove the Senones from the region. The Senones were defeated.

New threats:
Gauls from Northern Italy
* Conflict with Tarentum

Question 7

Explain the nature of Rome’s foreign policy before and after 390 BCE

Answer 7

Before 390 BCE, Rome’s foreign policy was defensive and regional, focusing on survival and protecting Latium.
After 390 BCE, the Gallic Sack acted as a wake-up call, leading to an expansionist and strategic approach aimed at eliminating threats and dominating Italy. This shift laid the foundation for Rome’s eventual rise as a Mediterranean power.

examples
look at screek shoot