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World Civilizations 101 > Rome > Flashcards

Rome Flashcards

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1
Q

How did the Italian Geography make Rome a natural leader?

A

Protective but not isolating Mountains (Alps in North) and fertile lowland valley regions (ROME)

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2
Q

What were two important rivers in Roman geography?

A

Tiber–flowed through Rome. Danube set Roman territories northern boundary.

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3
Q

What two nearby cultures influenced Roman culture?

A

Greek and Etruscan

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4
Q

Who was Titus Livius- “Livy”

59bce – 17ce

A

Historian who compiled the many Myths and Legends on Rome’s founding; and related them all to IDEALS and VIRTUES

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5
Q

How did Livy describe Rome’s founding?

A

Romulus and Remus–sons of the god of war–Mars. Raised by wolf after the king who deposed their grandfather ordered them killed. When they became adults they killed that king but then Romulus killed Remus in a dispute over the location of the kingdom or the name of the city of Rome. City founded about 753 BCE?

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6
Q

What Roman virtues did Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus embody?

A

He was a symbol of civic virtue because he was called away from his plow when his country needed him to be a leader but then he gave up power when his job was done and went back to his farm.

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7
Q

How can you explain the concept of “Res Publica”?

A

Governing Power is not privately held by King or Tyrant
Power is divided into many hands (power in the people) SENATE –The “Reps” of the “Publica” and CONSULS  elected ANNUALLY;

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8
Q

What is the significance of SPQR?

A

SENATUS POPULUSQUE ROMANUS
The Senate and the People of Rome RULE
Shows the Idealism of Roman government

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9
Q

Give a few examples of Roman ideals…

A

MASCULINE, HIERARCHICAL (classes), PATERNALISTIC

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10
Q

What were the three main classes in the Roman Republic?

A

Patricians, Plebeians, Slaves

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11
Q

What was the role of the patricians?

A

RAN THE GOVERNMENT – THE SENATE
Control: Govt. Offices, Military Commands / Appointments
SOCIAL DUTY “The Fathers of the Republic”; PROTECT THE PEOPLE
Do not “Work” with their hands –Land-wealth & access to Slave Labor

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12
Q

What role did the plebeians play?

A

Those who “worked with their hands” but, COULD BE VERY WEALTHY
SOCIAL DUTY Soldiers, Small land holders, merchants

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13
Q

What role did the slaves play in the Roman Republic?

A

The lowest class in Rome; publicly & privately held Many slaves signed contracts so that they may “earn” freedom through service

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14
Q

How was Augustus related to Julius Caesar?

A

Augustus was the great-nephew of Julius Caesar.

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15
Q

Who built the Roman Coliseum?

A

Vespasian, using the spoils from crushing a revolt in Judea. Built with Jewish slave labor and completed in 80 CE.

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16
Q

In the Era of “Good Emperors” (70 – 180 CE) what made the emperors good?

A

They followed the example of Augustus.

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17
Q

What was life like under the “Good Emperors”?

A

Pax Romana: During this era the average ‘quality of life’ for the typical Roman citizen reached levels not seen again until the Industrial Revolution (18th c.) which fueled a general Roman sense of CULTURAL SUPERIORITY

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18
Q

What were some examples of the good life in the Pax Romana?

A

Sporting events in large arenas like the Coliseum, large houses decorated with mosaics, Roman baths

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19
Q

How would you explain the end of the Pax Romana?

A

Poor leadership–constant turnover; poor military leadership–not conquering territory, no new source of slaves, Terrible 200’s

20
Q

What were some of the crises during the Terrible 200’s?

A

Disease, climate change, Failure of the borders–invaded by neighboring tribes–also refugees

21
Q

Who split the Roman Empire in half and why?

A

Diocletian (r. 284-305) He believed the empire was too large to rule effectively with just one man.

22
Q

What were some of the problems faced by Diocletian and how did he try to solve them?

A

Tried to solve instability with Military style REGULATION
Divided territory into DIOCESES(smaller areas with their own ruler) to keep a tight grip on the Empire

Disastrously deals w/ ECONOMIC Problems (ex. unsuccessful price controls)

Believed Roman decline can be saved w/ Traditional Roman Values–persecuted Christians because they are destroying Roman Values / Culture– THE GREAT PERSECUTION of the Christians in 303 (Tore down Churches and imprison all Christian Bishops)

23
Q

Where was Jesus from?”

A

From Nazareth, a Roman province of Judea conquered in 63 BCE

24
Q

What did the Romans think of Jesus?

A

Viewed as “Disturber of the Peace” BY ROME and Crucified

25
Q

Did Jesus leave behind any primary source materials?

A

No Bible written later.

26
Q

Why is the Christian religion so peculiar to the Romans?

A

To the Romans, the leader was a convicted “Criminal”
Followers are mainly the POOR, Slaves, lower Plebs
CHRISTIANITY SEEKS CONVERTS

27
Q

Who was most responsible for converting people in the Mediterranean area to Christianity?

A

Paul of Tarsus (3-67 CE)

28
Q

Where did early Christians meet to worship?

A

Met in secret in private homes.

29
Q

What were some important things to remember about Paul of Tarsus?

A

His “conversion story” is an ALLEGORY of Christianity’s break w/ Judaism
He gave Christianity a popular language–Greek
His letters make up a significant part of the New Testament
His writings demonstrate the need to make converts and express the belief that Christianity is the only right religion.

30
Q

Why was Paul’s martyrdom significant?

A

It showed that Christians were willing to die for their religion because they believed it was the only right one.

31
Q

What is important about the CHI RHO symbol?

A

in 312 Constantine had a vision of the symbol before an important battle and got the message “In this sign, you will conquer.” He vowed to convert to Christianity if he was victorious.

32
Q

What was the Edict of Milan (313)?

A

Constantine made Christianity legal and the favored religion in the empire.

33
Q

What was the Council of Nicea (325) ?

A

Attempts to stop Violence among MANY different Christian groups
The “Nicene Creed” affirms the TRINITY as the belief of the Roman Catholic Church.

34
Q

What important thing did the Emperor Theodosius I do in 380?

A

decrees Roman Catholic Christianity the official (only legal) religion of the Empire; Pagan religions OUTLAWED

35
Q

In 330 Constantine did something that was extremely important to the Roman Empire.

A

He moved the capitol to Constantinople (and named it after himself).

36
Q

Why did Constantine move the capitol of the Roman Empire?

A

Awareness that the future of Rome was in the East  The West was abandoned to the invading Germanic Tribes

37
Q

What were the effects of moving the Roman Empire to the East?

A

The political power structure in West now falls apart and will not be rebuilt until the 800’s
The Roman Empire WILL CONTINUE in the East… under a different name

38
Q

Who fought the Punic Wars?

A

Rome vs Carthage

39
Q

Describe why Rome fought Carthage?

A

Rome was a growing city on the verge of becoming an Empire
It needed to raise an Army to protect its growing interests
Rome Forges Alliances all over the Peninsula –The LEGIONS
The Conflict begins over control of the island of Sicily
Century of Warfare for control of key Medit. Shipping lanes

40
Q

Who was the famous general from Carthage and was he successful?

A

Hannibal: Defeated by Roman general Scipio Africanus in 202 BCE. Severely punished Carthage.

41
Q

What is significant about the Punic Wars for Roman society?

A

Expansion of territory is a big step for the city-state. Road to empire.

42
Q

Why does Rome move from being a Republic to an Empire?

A

Territory is too large to control w/ THE SENATE from Rome–who will govern the newly conquered areas?

43
Q

What happened on March 15th 44 BCE?

A

Julius Caesar was assassinated.

44
Q

WHY was Julius Caesar assassinated?

A

He declared himself “Dictator” OVER ALL of ROME

Many saw his as too Powerful. He was assassinated by those loyal to the SENATE and the VIRTUES of the REPUBLIC

45
Q

Who were the “heirs” of Julius Caesar?

A

Left his Estate ($) to his young nephew Octavian

Left his Legions to his best General Marcus Antonius

46
Q

Why did the Senate hand over ruling power to Augustus?

A

Augustus and Marc Antony fought each other in a civil war. The Roman public gets tired of the fighting so they turned power over the Augustus.

47
Q

When did Caesar Augustus rule?

A

31 BCE - 19 CE

World Civilizations 101 (13 decks)

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