Role Of The Father Flashcards
What did bowl by believe about the role of the father
Assumed that the primary attachment figure would be the mother rather than the father unless in special situations where it may be the grandparents or father
Why do many belie that fathers have a more minor role in parenting
- Don’t give birth
- have a Stereotypical breadwinner role
- mother seen as more nurturing
- traditional views
What is Rutter view on the role of the father
Saw all attachments as of equal importance, combining together to form the child’s internal working model
Research evidence for fathers as playmates
Geiger (1996) -fond that fathers play interactions are more exciting and pleasurable than mothers while mothers are more nurturing an affectionate
Hardy - reported that fathers are less able than mother to detect low level of infant distress
Research evidence for fathers as caregivers
Lamb - found that father who become man care provider seem able to quickly develop greater sensitivity to children’s needs
How does the amount of sensitivity shown by father influence attachment
Higher levels of martial intimacy and more supportive co-parenting have both been linked to a more secure attachments between married fathers and there infants
What 2 factors influence married fathers and their attachments with their kids
Martial intimacy
More supportive coparenting
What are single parents attachments with their kids are influence by
Similar attachments they had to their own parents
What happens to children with a secure attachment with fathers
They go on to have better relationships with peers, less problem behaviour and are more able to regulate their emotions
What happens to children ho grew up without father
Have been seen to do less well in school and have higher levels of risk taking and aggression, especially in boys
What d supportive fathers provide mothers
Provide mothers with time always from childcare. This helps reduce stress and improve self-esteem and ultimately improve the quality of a mother’s relationship with her children
Which psychologist researched multiple attachments and the role of the father
Schaffer and Emerson
What was the procedure of Schaffer and Emerson
This was a longitudinal study. In this research the ptts where studied, in there own homes, each month for the first year of their lives and again at 18 months. The attachment was messed in 2 ways separations protest and stranger anxiety
Who where the ptts in Schaffer and Emerson study
60 newborns and their mothers from working class areas of Glasgow
What 2 research methods are used in Schaffer and Emerson’s study
Naturalistic observations and self-report
Finding of Schaffer and Emerson study
- separation protest was first shown at 6-8months and stranger anxiety one month later
- strongly attached infants had caregivers who were quicker to respond an interact with the infants more often
- at 18 months, 87% of infants had at least 2 attachments and 31% had 5 or more
- attachments to different adults ere a similar quality
- 39% of the infants, the attachments that they formed was not to the main carer
What where the 3 conclusions from Schaffer’s and Emerson’s experiment
- there is a pattern of attachment formation common in all infants which suggests the process is biologically controlled
- attachment more easily made with those who desirably sensitive responsive sand respond appropriately to an innate need rather than those that spend the most time with the infant
- multiple attachments are the norm and of similar quality. There is nothing to suggest that mothering can’t be shared by serval people
Which finding does this link to - there is a pattern of attachment formation common in all infants which suggests the process is biologically controlled
separation protest was first shown at 6-8months and stranger anxiety one month later
Which finding does this link to - attachment more easily made with those who desirably sensitive responsive sand respond appropriately to an innate need rather than those that spend the most time with the infant
- strongly attached infants had caregivers who were quicker to respond an interact with the infants more often
- 39% of the infants, the attachments that they formed was not to the main carer
Who can this finding critique - multiple attachments are the norm and of similar quality
Bowlby’s idea that attachments are a hierarchy of one prime attachment and other minor ones
