Role Models

Question 1

What is a role model?

Answer 1

Individuals who have mastered a given social role and who facilitate a role aspirants acquisition of this or a similar role

Question 2

What can a role model do for the role aspirant to make it more likely they will achieve the same status?

Answer 2

Make it more likely the aspirant will achieve the task or become the role by inspiring and motivating.

Inspiration
Self efficacy-confidence
Emulation

Question 3

What is the aim of awarding Australians of the year?

Answer 3

To provide inspiration and positive role models

Question 4

What makes it more likely that women will join the workforce in traditional male jobs?

Answer 4

Role model interventions

Question 5

Do role model interventions work?

Answer 5

There is no evidence that same sex role modelling works

Question 6

What effect did sports stars have on Achievement and attendance for low achieving students?

Answer 6

None

Question 7

What is a assumption in the literature about role models?

Answer 7

1. Assumption that structural positions make role models (successful/celebrities)
2. People will mindlessly copy role models
3. Underprivileged minority’s need more role models and lack more aspirational people

Question 8

What we think is possible is very influenced by what?

Answer 8

What we know others can do

Extraordinary people

Question 9

How do we feel when watching extraordinary people in action?

Answer 9

Inspired

Raises levels of aspirations

Question 10

What does watching extraordinary people inspire us to do?

Answer 10

Nothing, purely aesthetic

Question 11

What did Lockwood and Kundalini (2007) find when exploring the impact of exposing participants to high achieving others? Methods results conclusions

Answer 11

Methods: Ps either 1st or 4th year of study asked to read an article describing stellar 4th year student (control no article)

Then asked to rate themselves on positive and negative career success traits

Results: the role model had positive effects for 1st years and negative effects for 4th years

Conclusions: 1st years has more capacity and confidence to to achieve like the role model. Had something to aspire to.

Too late for the 4th year students

But may not be evidence for role modelling

DV is far from what role modelling is. It was an incidental after thought

Question 12

What did Marx and Roman (2002) find when looking at whether presenting women with a mathematically competent female model could reduce stereotype threat effects? Methods results conclusions

Answer 12

Methods: male and female participants completed a maths test with a female experimenter who was either high (math PhD) or low (English major) in maths competence

Results: when PhD maths experimenter, men and women equal

When with the English major men did much better and women much worse

Conclusions:by being exposed to high achieving women, inoculate against stereotype threat

But not role modelling- may be influenced by experimenter but she wasn’t a role model

Question 13

Can being exposed to an extraordinary person for a short time be an example of role modelling?

Answer 13

No role models exist over a long period of time to inspire long term goals

Question 14

What did Taylor Lord McIntyre & Paulson (2011) find when they asked participants to rate how deserving Hilary Clinton was of her success? Methods results conclusions

Answer 14

Methods: asked female Ps to rate how much Hilary Clinton’s deserves her success

1 month later took a maths test under 1 of 3 conditions:

1. Test only
2. Stereotype threat + bio for business
3. Stereotype threat + bio Hilary Clinton

Results: found that women who believed that Hilary Clinton deserved her success performed as well as the Control (HC as role model inoculated against stereotype threat)

Conclusions: not role modelling because no evidence that h.c a role model)

Question 15

Does the structural approach to role modelling with an emphasis on extraordinary achievers show evidence for role modelling working?

Answer 15

No. Evidence doesn’t speak to role modelling, but may instead be stereotype related processes

Question 16

What research did Steffens Rees & Peters conduct to determine who our role models are? Methods results conclusions

Answer 16

Methods: Ps nominated a person who was a role model for them in their life

4 possible types :

1. Positive- want to be like
2. Negative-don’t want to be like
3. Ambivalent- be like and not be like
4. Neutral - not relevant

Ps described model and relationship

Results:

1. people were more likely to nominate family especially positive/ambivalent
2. People more likely to characterise models in terms of warmth and assertiveness
3. Positive and ambivalent models more likely ingroup members
4. Positive and ambivalent models boost self efficacy
5. Positive and ambivalent models are emulated
6. Positive and ambivalent models inspiring
7. Negative models motivate avoidance behaviours

Question 17

Who did Steffens Rees &Peters (2015) find people categorised models as positive, negative, ambivalent and neutral?

Answer 17

Positive- don’t know personally, admire, inspire and makes me try harder to achieve

Negative- don’t want to be like, resemble or become. Draining relationship which contributes nothing

Ambivalent- close relationship, good role model don’t want to be like them in every way

Neutral- regular sibling relationship, role model growing up but not for future

Question 18

What did Peters & Steffens find when asking people about Morality and role models as managers?

Do people take into account morals when judging a person?

4 results

Answer 18

Methods: asked working adults to reflect on a manager who matched 1 of 4 descriptions including:

1. A competent and moral person
2. A competent but immoral person

Results:

1. both competence and morality are necessary for a manager role
2. for boosting self efficacy
3. for emulating the model
4. For inspiring

Question 19

When asked to describe a managers morality and competence, what words did people most use for each condition moral/immoral competent/incompetent?

Answer 19

1. Competent-Immoral described as competent
2. Moral-incompetent described as moral

(Only 1 positive attribute, people described it)

3. Immoral-incompetent & moral-competent most motivating/inspiration words

(How they have affected you)

Question 20

What kind of role models motivate us?

Answer 20

Very positive to be like them

Very negative to be less like them

Question 21

What are 2 attributes we look for in role models?

Answer 21

1. Extraordinary success

2. Morality

Question 22

3 things we want from role models?

Answer 22

1. Confidence boost (self efficacy)
2. Model to emulate
3. Inspiration

Question 23

What did Peters Tee & Paladino find when asking people what’s inspiring about Jean from Street swags?

Answer 23

Inspiration:

1. Success
2. Hard work
3. Transportability (engagement)

Transportability predicts:

1. role model
2. Inspiring
3. Behavioural modelling

Question 24

What did Peters Tee & Paladino concludes after asking people what’s inspiring about Jean from Street swags?

Answer 24

Success not as important for role modelling

When the story behind the person was transporting high associations with role model

Pathways people follow and barriers overcome lead us to see people as role models

Question 25

Is exploiting role modelling for good useful?

Answer 25

Not really.

It requires more than presenting images of the extraordinary