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Psyc4121 > Counselling Psychology > Flashcards

Counselling Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best recommendation on seeing a psychologist for someone with a mental health problem?

A

Either Counseling or Clinical Psychologist. Only difference is the medicare rebate $88 vs $124

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2
Q

What is shame?

A

Conscious emotion where we feel we a living negatively in the mind of others

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3
Q

People are more likely to disclose secrets to you if you have high ratings of what?

A

Compassion

The higher your compassion, the higher the number of secrets

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4
Q

What are the 3 aspects of Bodins model of therapy?

A
  1. Bond
  2. Task
  3. Goal
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5
Q

In Borden’s model of therapy, what does bond entail?

A

It’s The affective quality of the relationship (eg non verbal communication) and the degree of the clients perceived safety

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6
Q

In Borden’s model of therapy, what does goal entail?

A

Agreement on general objectives

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7
Q

In Borden’s model of therapy, what does task entail?

A

The agreement on specific activities

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8
Q

What question did Gordon Paul ask regarding scientist-practitioner approach to counseling?

A

Which treatment, prescribed by whom, and in which circumstances, is the most effective for this particular individual with this specific problem?

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9
Q

What evidence based practices do counselling psychologists engage in?

A
  1. Validated assessment measures
  2. Evaluated therapies
  3. Track clients through sessions (active scientist-practitioners)
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10
Q

How do psychologists track clients throughout sessions?

A

Multiple time points (1st, 6th and 10th)

Every session measures on:

  • outcome questionnaire
  • outcome rating scale and session rating scale
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11
Q

List 3 evidence based types of measures counselling psychologists use to track patients

A
  1. Self report measures
  2. Per session tracking
  3. Self monitoring
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12
Q

List 2 self report measures used by counselling psychologists

A
  1. DASS (depression anxiety stress scales)

2. Beck depression inventory

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13
Q

List 2 per session tracking measures used by counselling psychologists

A
  1. Outcome rating scale ORS

2. Session rating scale SRS

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14
Q

Give a self monitoring measure used by counselling psychologists

A

Thought diary

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15
Q

What does Neuropsychology assessment assess? (List 4)

A

Cognitive based problems

  1. Verbal and performance functioning
  2. Attention
  3. Intelligence/academic performance
  4. Working Memory
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16
Q

What are the 2 manuals used to make classification diagnoses?

A
  1. DSM-5

2. ICD-10 (hospitals)

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17
Q

What is a randomised Control trial?

A

A study in which people are allocated at randomised to conditions one of which is a Control

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18
Q

What is the efficacy of a treatment determined by?

A

Clinical trials in which many variables are carefully controlled in order to demonstrate that the relationship between the treatment and outcome are relatively unambiguous

Tested under ideal conditions

Effect sizes are based on differences between the treatment and control groups

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19
Q

What do efficacy studies emphasise?

A

The internal validity of the experimental design

  • controlling types of patients included
  • using manuals to standardise treatment delivery
  • training and monitoring therapists
  • controlling number of treatment it
  • random assignment to conditions and blind raters
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20
Q

List 5 ways efficacy studies can ensure internal validity

A
  1. controlling types of patients included
  2. using manuals to standardise treatment delivery
  3. training and monitoring therapists
  4. controlling number of treatment it
  5. random assignment to conditions and blind raters
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21
Q

What set of guidelines do efficacy studies have to follow?

A

CONSORT guidelines

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22
Q

What is an effectiveness study?

A

The effectiveness of a treatment is considered in real life clinical situations

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23
Q

Are effectiveness studies results impressive?

A

No but more generalisable

24
Q

What do effectiveness studies emphasise?

A

External validity of experimental designs.

  • clients not preselected
  • treatment sessions not controlled
  • therapy not manualised
  • therapist adherence not monitored
25
Q

In an effectiveness study, what is the effect size generally based on?

A

Within subject changes from pre to post intervention

26
Q

What are Empirically supported treatments (evidence based treatments/practices)?

A

Treatments and therapies that have research based medical and scientific evidence showing that they work

27
Q

What is the process to go see a psychologist?

A
  1. First go to GP
  2. Referred to a psychologist
  3. Have to deliver an evidence based treatment
  4. After 6 sessions refer back to GP
  5. Can get an additional 4 sessions if necessary
    (Maximum 10 per calendar year)
28
Q

What is the Medicare rebate for clinical and counselling psychologists?

A

Clinical-$124

Counselling-$84

29
Q

What may explain the similarities among outcomes in different psycho therapies?

A

There are commonalities or common factors among therapies that are the real curative factors

These account for a substantial amount of improvement

30
Q

What did Lambert & Bartley (2001) and Duncan & Miller (1999) find concerning the percentages of why people improve in therapy?

A

40% is extra therapeutic (stuff the client brings)

30% is therapeutic alliance

15% expectancy effect

15% techniques

31
Q

What is the most often cited common factor for improvements in therapy?

A

The therapeutic relationship or the therapeutic alliance

32
Q

What do researchers maintain accounts for more variability in therapeutic outcomes than any specific factors based on theoretical approaches?

A

The therapeutic alliance

33
Q

What did Rogers believe was the 5 key concepts for therapeutic change?

A
  1. Positive regard
  2. Genuineness
  3. Empathy
  4. Openness
  5. Curiosity
34
Q

What is the role of therapy?

A

To help the person narrate their story with curiosity and Socratic dialogues

Hear a story and mindfully reflect noticing themes and patterns

Move towards a collaborative, shared emergent, ongoing formulation with guided discovery

35
Q

What are Socratic questions?

A

Socratic questions are advanced open questions that enable and encourage the patient to discover connections in their meaning making

36
Q

What were Socratic questions designed for?

A

To help clients explore in more detail their meanings and the implications of what they are saying

37
Q

4 examples of Socratic questions

A
  1. What did that mean to you?
  2. What did you make of that?
  3. What do you think will happen next?
  4. What is your worst fear in this situation?
38
Q

What is Guided Discovery?

A

A form of exploration with the intention/result of discovering something new- making connections or reframing

39
Q

List 2 types of questions to ask when encouraging an explorative journey

A
  1. Let’s imagine that …..

2. What might be your greatest fear if you…..

40
Q

What micro skills are involved in the Basic Listening Sequence (7)?

A
  1. Open/closed questions
  2. Encouragers
  3. Paraphrasing
  4. Summarisation
  5. Clarification
  6. Reflection of feeling
  7. Reflection of Meaning
41
Q

What do basic listening skills help create?

A

A safe and gentle pace- slow down

42
Q

Why is alliance (psychologist/patient) fragile?

A

Patient shame and relentless self attacking

43
Q

What can a psychologist use to create safeness?

A

Use soft voice and body language

44
Q

Example of a Reflection of emotion statement

A

Sounds as if her offer made you pretty anxious

45
Q

Example of Reflection of Emotion statement

A

Sounds as if her offer made you irritated

46
Q

What is Reflection of Emotion?

A

Simply interpreted and reflecting on feelings

47
Q

What does Reflection of Emotion enable the therapist to do?

A

Convey their understanding and awareness of the clients internal experience and build empathy

A step towards acknowledgement and validation

48
Q

What happens if a therapist moves too fast to help the client reflect on feelings?

A

Interpreted as Unempathetic

49
Q

What is compassion?

A

Compassion is an awareness and sensitivity to the suffering of self and others with a commitment to try and alleviate and prevent it

50
Q

What is compassion based therapy?

A

An approach to psychotherapy that is:

  1. Focused on the therapeutic relationship
  2. Can be applied to any therapy modality
51
Q

Compassion based therapy is underpinned by what 2 models?

A
  1. Evolutionary model

2. Neuro, affective and developmental psychology

52
Q

What are 5. Unique elements of compassion based therapy?

A
  1. Psychoeducation - the tricky brain
  2. Model of affect regulation
  3. Evolutionary Functional Analysis to case conceptualisation
  4. Building of compassion focused motives as an organising system
  5. Works with fears, blocks and resistance to compassion and positive emotions
53
Q

What is the basic philosophy behind compassion based therapy?

A

See clearly into the cause of suffering:

  • we are all just here and have to figure it out
  • life involves dealing with tragedy
  • what goes on in our mind is design not our fault
  • we are all in same boat
  • the wisdom of no blame but the desire to take responsibility
54
Q

What are the 2 main elements of developing a compassionate mind?

A
  1. Sensitivity to the suffering of others
    - turning towards and connecting with difficult experiences COURAGE
  2. With a commitment to try and relieve it
    Relieve distress using strength care and wisdom DEDICATION
55
Q

What are the 3 aspects involved in the interactive flow of compassion?

A
  1. Self compassion
  2. Compassion to others
  3. Compassion from others
56
Q

What 3 components are involved in the 3 circles model & motivation for compassion?

A
  1. Drive and Achievement
  2. Soothing and connection
  3. Threat and self protection

Psyc4121 (11 decks)

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