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Psyc4121 > Psychological Tests > Flashcards

Psychological Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the experiment by Karpicke & Roediger (2008) on learning Swahili (methods results conclusions)

A

Methods: 4 learning conditions

  1. ST study and test
  2. SnT drop correct items continue to test
  3. STn study no test
  4. SnTn drop correct items no test

Tested at 4 immediate intervals and at 1 week retention

Results: all performed well immediately but conditions where there was frequent testing and studying performed much better for retention

Conclusions: this is evidence that studying and testing improves retrieval and retention of information

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2
Q

If you need to find a psychological test to measure something what would you do?

A
  1. Mental measurements yearbook
  2. ETS test collection

Both have comprehensive lists of tests

OR

Books about individual tests
Text books on psychological testing
Academic testing
Publishers catalogues

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3
Q

What is the 16PF test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire

Measures personality (non clinical)

For Adults

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4
Q

What is the CBCL test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Child Behaviour Checklist

Measures problem behaviour

For children

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5
Q

What is the D-KEFS test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System

Measures executive function

For all

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6
Q

What is the EPI test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Eysenck’s Personality Inventory

Measures Personality (non clinical)

For all (adult and junior versions)

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7
Q

What is the Hayling and Brixton test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

The Hayling and Brixton Clinical Assessment of Executive Functioning

Measures executive functioning

For adults

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8
Q

What is the MMPI test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Measures Personality (clinical)

For adults only (adolescent version MMPI-A)

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9
Q

What is the Neale test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Neale Analysis of Reading

Measures reading

For all (mainly children)

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10
Q

What is the NEO test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

NEO-PI-3 (covers the big 5)

Measures Personality (non clinical)

For adults

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11
Q

What is the Peabody test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

Measures vocabulary

For all (mainly children)

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12
Q

What is the RPM test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Raven’s Progressive Matrices

Measures intelligence

For all

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13
Q

What is the Stanford-Binet test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Stanford-Binet intelligence Scales

Measures intelligence

For all

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14
Q

What is the TEA test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Test for Everyday Attention

Measures attention

For adults

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15
Q

What is the TEA-CH test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Test of everyday attention for children

Measures attention

For children

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16
Q

What is the WAIS test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Wechsler Adult intelligence Scale

Measures intelligence

For adults

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17
Q

What is the WASI test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Wechsler Abbreviates Scale of Intelligence

Measures intelligence

For all

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18
Q

What is the WIAT test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Wechsler Individual Achievement Test

Measures Academic achievement

For all

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19
Q

What is the WISC test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

Measures intelligence

For primary to high school

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20
Q

What is the WPPSI test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence

Measures Intelligence

For pre to primary school

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21
Q

What is the WRAML test?
What does it measure?
What is its main target population?

A

Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning

Measures memory and attention

For all

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22
Q

Which tests can only be used by adults?

A
  • 16PF - (Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire)
  • Hayling and Brixton tests (Hayling and Brixton Clinical Assessment of Executive Functioning
  • MMPI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
  • NEO - NEO-PI-3 (big 5 Personality)
  • TEA - Test of Everyday Attention
  • WAIS - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
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23
Q

Which tests are mainly used by children?

A
  • CBCL - Child Behaviour Checklist
  • Neale - Neale Analysis of Reading
  • Peabody - Peabody Picture Vocabulary
  • TEA-CH - Test of Everyday Attention for Children
  • WISC - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
  • WPPSI - Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
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24
Q

Which tests can be used for both children and adults?

A
  • D-KEFS - Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System
  • EPI - Eysenck’s Personality Inventory
  • Neale - Neale Analysis of Reading
  • Peabody - Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test
  • RPM - Raven’s Progressive Matrices
  • Stanford-Binet - Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
  • WASI - Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence
  • WIAT - Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
  • WRAML - Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning
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25
Q

Which tests are only appropriate for preschoolers and Primary aged children?

A

*WPPSI -Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence

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26
Q

The 5 groups of tests used in the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale are?

A
  1. Fluid intelligence
  2. Crystallised Intelligence
  3. Quantitative reasoning
  4. Visual-Spatial reasoning
  5. Working memory
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27
Q

Factor analysis of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale suggests that at most ages the Test has 5 factors just as the underlying theory predicts. This represents evidence for?

A

Construct validity

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28
Q

How is the Stanford-Binet administered and scored?

A

1 on 1 examination session

Complete 10 core tests to yield 5 factor scores

5 scores combined to give overall Spearmans g (IQ)

29
Q

What are the psychometric properties of the Stanford-Binet?
Standardisation
Reliability
Validity?

A

Standardised from very young to old
Age, race, region and socioeconomic level

Reliability - very high. Internal consistency .97 and inter eater .9

Validity - criterion/convergent correlates with other IQ tests
Internal structure/construct validity- factor analysis supported 5factor structure

30
Q

4 groups of tests used in the WISC-V (the Wechsler tests)?

A
  1. Verbal comprehension
  2. Perceptual Reasoning
  3. Working Memory
  4. Processing Speed
31
Q

How are the Wechsler tests WISC administered and scored?

A

1 on 1 exam session 45-65 minutes

10 core subtests arranged into 4 groups

  1. Verbal comprehension
  2. Perceptual reasoning
  3. Working Memory
  4. Processing Speed

Combine 4 indexes to measure IQ

32
Q

Which test allows the intelligence of people who speak different languages to be compared?

A

Raven’s Progressive Matrices RPM

33
Q

Is ravens Progressive Matrices required to be performed 1 on 1?

A

No

34
Q

What is the aim of Ravens Progressive Matrices?

A

A non verbal group ability test that research supports as a measure of spearmans g IQ

35
Q

Who is Ravens Progressive Matrices designed to be used for?

A

Anyone from aged 5 upward

36
Q

Why was Ravens Progressive Matrices designed?

A

To assess military recruits independent of educational factors

37
Q

What are the psychometric properties of Ravens Progressive Matrices?
Standardisation
Reliability
Validity

A

Standardised- impressive set of norms worldwide

Reliability- in .9’s
Test retest .7/.8

Validity- correlates with other aptitude tests and to a lesser extent academic ability (lower correlation)

38
Q

Which test can be used with people who have significant but not total motor impairment?

A

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test

39
Q

How is the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test administered?

A

For people aged between 2 and adults with learning disabilities

Multiple choice test that only requires pointing not reading ability but requires hearing ability

40
Q

What are the psychometric properties for the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test?
Standardisation
Reliability
Validity

A

Standardisation - sample 3540 high

Reliability- in .9’s

Validity- content validity all proper words in dictionary

Empirical validity- scores increase with age as predicted

Convergent validity- correlates well with other Vocabulary Tests

Special populations scored as expected

41
Q

How is Neale Analysis of Reading scored?

A

Scores based on accuracy and speed

42
Q

What does Neale Analysis of Reading measure?

A

Oral reading comprehension and fluency of students 6-12 years

43
Q

How is Neale Analysis of Reading administered?

A

Children read a selection of stories out loud and then complete a comprehension test on the story

44
Q

What is the Neale Analysis of Reading scored on?

A
  1. Reading accuracy
  2. Reading rate
  3. Comprehension
45
Q

How was the 16 PF created?

A

Cattell identified 18000 names for Personality traits

A quarter were considered real rather than temporary

Rated just distinguishable differences

reduced to 171 traits and then 36, then 16

Of the 16 basic personality traits, some are inter correlated

46
Q

Which test is a comprehensive Personality measure designed for normal populations? (Non clinical)

A

NEO-PI-3

47
Q

What approach was the NEO-PI-3 created using?

A

A Lexical approach

48
Q

What are the Big 5 Personality traits?

A
  1. Neuroticism
  2. Extroversion
  3. Openness to experience
  4. Conscientiousness
  5. Agreeableness
49
Q

How is the NEO-PI-3 administered?

A

240 items, takes 30-40 minutes

Uses T-scores

Self report and observer rated versions

50
Q

Which Personality Test is best, 16PF or Neo-Pi-3, why?

A

Neo-Pi-3.

16PF can be scored as 5 factors

51
Q

According to Eysenck’s Personality theory, what is the underlying basis for individual differences in neuroticism?

A

Differences in activation thresholds in the limbic system

52
Q

The theoretical basis of Eysenck’s Personality theory is at what kind of level?

A

Biological

53
Q

According to Eysenck’s Personality theory, what is the underlying basis for individual differences in extraversion?

A

Differences in cortical arousal

54
Q

What did Eysenck argue to be a critical component of the mechanism underlying individual differences in extroversion-introversion?

A

Arousal

55
Q

If someone scores high on the MMPI Scale in psychasthenia, it means they have what?

A

They have compulsive-obsessive disorder

56
Q

What is a major criticism of the MMPI-2?

A
  1. items overlap
  2. Response style- more could be reversed
  3. The scales are related to Demographic variables (gender, race, intelligence, education) implications for interpretation
  4. Clinical samples are not representative
57
Q

The MMPI is an example of what?

A

A comprehensive Personality Test designed to diagnose abnormal groups (clinical)

58
Q

What is the most frequently used test by neuropsychologists?

A

MMPI

59
Q

List 3 purposes the MMPI is used for.

A
  1. Differentiating between organic and psychiatric disorders
  2. Detecting Personality changes filling a head injury
  3. Assessing the validity of a patients self report (lie scales)
60
Q

How was MMPI created? 4 steps

A
  1. Created a large pool of items (logic, reason, literature reviews, expert opinion)
  2. Gave preliminary questionnaire to groups of psychiatric inpatients and a Control group
  3. Used item discrimination analysis (which items best discriminate between 2 groups?)
  4. Standardised the test using a Control group
61
Q

What is the process of item discrimination index?

A

Using the item discrimination index for validity

Create 4 true/false questions and give them to group with disorder and group without.

Work out:
d- item discrimination index

U - the number of people in the Upper group who rated item true

nU- total number in the upper group

L - number in the Lower group who rated the item true

nL - total number in lower group

d=(U\nU)-(L\nU)

62
Q

How do you select which questions to include with Empirical Criterion Keying?

A

Do the item discrimination indexes and select the questions that have the greatest discrimination ie. above .50 and discard questions less than .50.

63
Q

Can you used random questions that appear to have no face validity in Empirical Criterion Keying?

A

Yes, if they discriminate between groups

64
Q

How is the MMPI administered?

A

Raw scores converted to T scores
Mean 50, SD 10

True/false questions

10 Clinical Scales

  1. Hypochondriasis
  2. Depression
  3. Hysteria
  4. Psychopathic deviate
  5. Masculinity/femininity
  6. Paranoia
  7. Psychasthenia OCD
  8. Schizophrenia
  9. Hypomania (manic depressive)
  10. Social introversion
65
Q

What are the psychometric properties of the MMPI?

Reliability
Construct validity
Criterion validity

A

Reliability- test retest & internal consistency .58 - .92

Construct validity- > 10,000 studies have mapped specific MMPI profiles onto specific behaviours (alcoholism, eating disorders)

Criterion validity- scores for non clinical sample mapped onto ratings by their spouses. And clinical patient scores mapped onto ratings by professionals treating them

66
Q

List 4 weaknesses of MMPI

A
  1. Item overlap (many items appear on more than 1 Scale- causes high artificial correlations between different scales)
  2. Response style (more willing to always select true- needs more reversed items)
  3. Many demographic variables correlate with MMPI scales (age, gender, race, status)
  4. Clinical samples are not nationally representative
67
Q

List 7 validity measures or lie scales used in the MMPI

A
  1. ? Cannot say- a count of missing responses
  2. L (lie) scale - negative statements that apply to most people (eg I don’t always tell the truth)
  3. F (infrequency) Scale- eccentric statements with low endorsement rates (eg laws should be thrown away)
  4. K (correction) Scale- willing to admit deviance/defensiveness (eg I feel useless) subtle version of L Scale
  5. TRIN (true response inconsistencies) - Number of true responses to items of opposite content
  6. VRIN - (variable response inconsistency) - measure of response consistency across items
  7. FB (Back F) - are later responses similar to earlier responses?
68
Q

Do MMPI lie scales work to detect fakers? How is this known?

A

Yes

People without mental disorders were asked to fill in the MMPI as if they had a mental disorder and lie scales detected them successfully

Psyc4121 (11 decks)

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