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OS103 > Rocky Shores > Flashcards

Rocky Shores Flashcards

1
Q

What is special about the environment?

A

Intertidal
Widely fluctuating conditions
Exposed to wave action
Exposed to tides

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2
Q

What are the 4 gradients?

A

Vertical - sea to land
Horizontal - wave action
Particle size
Salinity

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3
Q

What is the vertical gradient like?

A

More stressful lower than upper
Upper is more exposed

Sea is a constant environment - unidirectional
Greater harshness at upper levels

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4
Q

What does immersion mean?

A

Covered by sea water

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5
Q

What does emersion mean?

A

Uncovered by sea water

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6
Q

What is intertidal zonation?

A

Physical and biological factors differ
Environmental gradient
Space limited habitat
Competitive

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7
Q

What is wave action?

A

Sheltered bays and exposed headlands have different types

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8
Q

What is Fetch?

A

Distance over which wind blows

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9
Q

What is a constructive wave?

A

Adds to beach via deposition

Circulated water 
Renews O2
Reduces dissolved CO2
Delivers food and nutrients
Disperses gametes and propagules 
Removes waste
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10
Q

What is a destructive wave?

A

Causes the erosion of beaches

Scouring
Dislodgement
Smothering
Continuous rapid movement 
Algal whiplash
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11
Q

How do organisms attach?

A

Cement - barnacles, sessile worms, oysters
Byssus - mussels
Muscular foot - limpet
Holdfasts - strong roots

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12
Q

How can you measure wave exposure?

A

Using Ballantines biological exposure scale
Allows rapid assessment
Defined by the overall biology of the shore
Measurements of equilibrium conditions
Advantages - represents an integration of conditions over many years
Disadvantages - circulatory if trying to relate biological variables to shore exposure

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13
Q

What are the habitat adaptations?

A 
Size - small
Shape - streamlined
Strong attachments 
Shell 
Live in groups
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14
Q

Low temperatures

A

Poles and high lat - extreme cold
Mobile organisms
Crevices
Ice scours - can remove whole community

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15
Q

High temperatures

A

Increases desiccation
Thermal niche
Adaptations
Ridges to radiate heat

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16
Q

Desiccation

A

Majority - use dissolved O2 for respiration with gills or body surface
Minority - air breathing

Evaporation
Damages cell membranes + disrupts circulation

17
Q

What happens at the upper shore?

A 
Temperatures vary
Humid
Wind exposure
Salinity stress 
Channels or grooves to reduce water loss
18
Q

What happens at high shore levels?

A

Time available for feeding, respiration, reproduction and photosynthesis decreases

19
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Less time for CO2 and H2O intake
Poor function of plant photosynthetic tissue out of water
Less time for nutrient intake through the thallus and frond for protein synthesis

20
Q

Salinity gradient

A 
Rainfall - snow and ice
Evaporation
Tidal inundation 
Seasonal changes
Height of the shore 
Wave exposure

OS103 (20 decks)

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