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Marine Inverterbrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are Metazoa?

A

The single ancestral origin of multi celled animals

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2
Q

What percentage of animals are invertebrates

A

95%

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3
Q

Which phylum are insects, arachnids and crustaceans

A

Arthropoda

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4
Q

What are Porifera?

A 
Sponges
Simplest Metazoa
Lack tissue
Suspension feeders
Most are hermaphrodites - both genders
Diverse
Various sizes
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5
Q

Anatomy of Porifera?

A

Channel water from outside to inner cavity
Flagellum - whip like appendage
Chaanocytes - creates a current that pulls water in through the pores and out the osculum
Cavity gets bigger as the sponge grows - stagnent zone - channels allow space to be used efficiently
No skeleton - spongin supports

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6
Q

What type of sponge is a Hexactinellidia?

A
  • deep water
  • fused vase shaped structure
  • 10-30cm in height
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7
Q

What type of sponge is Calcarea?

A
  • worldwide on rocky shores
  • structure from spicules of calcium carbonate
  • tough leathery feel
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8
Q

What type of sponge is the Demospongiae?

A
  • largest class - 90%
  • structure of silicon spicules and spongin
  • huge variation in size colour and form
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9
Q

What are the three main groups of Cnidaria?

A

Hydras
Coral and Anemones
Jelly fish

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10
Q

What are the features of Cnidaria?

A

Habitat of rock pools or the open ocean
Have a gastrovascular cavity - gut
Carnivores that capture prey using stinging cells
Simple nervous system
Move using hydraulics and muscular contraction
Radial symmetry

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11
Q

What are cnidocytes?

A

Specialised stinging cells

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12
Q

What are the classes of Cnidaria?

A

Hydrozoa - hydroids
Scyphozoa - jellyfish
Anthozoa - sea anemones and coral

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13
Q

What is budding?

A

A form of asexual reproduction where a new organism grows from the old one and breaks off

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14
Q

What is fission?

A

A form of asexual reproduction where the organism splits

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15
Q

What is the lifecycle of a jellyfish?

A

Medusa
Larva
Polyp
Medusa

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16
Q

What’s different between Anthozoa and schyphozoan life cycles?

A

Anthozoa skip the Medusa stage

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17
Q

What is coral?

A

A community of polyps

Symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae - one cant survive without the other

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18
Q

What are Ctenophores?

A

Comb jellies
Don’t have cnidae
Swim using cilia
Carnivores - feed in plankton

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19
Q

What are ectoprots?

A 
Similar to coral
Hard exoskeleton 
Build colonial reefs
Mouth surrounded by tentacles
carnivores
True gut - coelom
Bilateral symmetry
Triploblastic

Bryozoans

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20
Q

What are Branchiopoda?

A

Resemble clams
Hinged dorsoventally
Remnants of diverse ancient group with 30,000 spp (now only 300)

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21
Q

What are Acoelomates?

A

Worms

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22
Q

What are Platyhelminthes?

A 
Flatworms 
Dorsoventrally flattened
Simple body plan
Digest prey externally
Mainly parasitic and benthic
Mouth and anus same tube
Primitive nervous system
23
Q

What are the classifications of Acoelomates?

A

3 classes

Flukes
Cestoda
Turbellaria

24
Q

What type of worms are Flukes?

A

Parasitic

  • Monogenea - ectoparasites - 1 host species
  • Trematoda - endoparasites - 2+ host species
25
What type of worms are Cestoda?
Tapeworms
26
What type of worms are Turbellaria?
Free living worms | Movement using muscles and cilia
27
How do Acoelomates reproduce?
Asexual - fission Sexual - hypodermic insemination
28
What are Pseudocoelomates?
Rotifers | Roundworms
29
What are Rotifers?
``` Phylum - Rotifera Small - 200 micrometers Specialised organ structures Mostly benthic Can live in the water film around sand particles Mouth surrounded by cilia Pathenogenesis reproduction - females producing non feeding males for reproduction during stress Some have been asexual for 35 Ma ```
30
What are roundworms?
``` Phylum - Nematoda Microscavengers Found in all habitats Advancement over flatworms 50000+ species Various sizes May be parasites to other animals Tough skin Reproduce sexually - 100,000 eggs per day ```
31
What are coelomates?
Phylum - Mollusca 100,000 known species Marine fresh water and terrestrial Thick muscular body wall - developed into foot Visceral hump - covered by mantle - secretes a calcium carbonate she’ll Most have gills and central nervous system Bivalves
32
What are bivalves?
Clams | 2 shells hinged in the middle
33
What are Cephalopoda?
Squid / octopus
34
What are the features of Cephalopoda?
``` She’ll reduced or lost Mobile and fast Masters of colour change - chromatophores Highly intelligent Well developed eye - no blind spot ```
35
What are Segmented worms?
``` Phylum - Annelida Bilateral symmetry Segmented body with appendages Distinct head - sensory and feeding Complex organ systems ```
36
What are the three classes of segmented worms?
Polychaeta - lots of bristles - marine Ogliochaeta - few bristles - fresh/terrestrial Hirudinea - leeches - mostly freshwater
37
What are marine polychaetes?
Have parapodia appendages covered in setae Mobile and sedentary Intertidal to deep ocean trenches Surface dwelling, burrowing, tube dwelling, pelagic, boring, parasitic Carnivores, herbivores and omnivores scavenging
38
What are the features of Arthropoda?
They have a hard jointed exoskeleton and they have legs and other jointed appendages
39
What is an exoskeleton?
It is a living suit of armour so the skeleton is on the outside and the muscles on the inside
40
What are the features of marine crustaceans?
``` Segmented body - head, thorax, abdomen Multi-articulate limbs Carapace - protective shield Dominate the plankton Important benthic consumers 40,000 species ```
41
What are the 4 major groups of crustaceans?
Copepoda Cirripedia - barnacles Ostracoda - small Crustacea Malacostraca - crabs and shrimp
42
What are Copepoda?
Holoplankton Feed on phytoplankton Important link in the food chain
43
What are Cirripedia?
Sessile Planktonic larva attach to rocks and secrete calcium she’ll Permanently attached Common on rocky shores
44
What are ostracods?
Clam shrimps Planktonic / benthic Micro predator / scavenger
45
What are Malacostraca?
Big mobile and powerful | Commercially important
46
What is the life cycle of Arthropoda?
``` Egg Nauplius Protozoea Mysis Post Larval stage Adult ```
47
What are Echinodermata?
Sea urchins and starfish ``` 5 classes Pentamorous body plan Radial symmetry Exclusively marine Sensitive to pollution Voracious feeders Benthic ```
48
What are the hydraulics of Echinodermata?
Use hydraulics to power 1000s of tube feet | They can be used for gas exchange and locomotion
49
What are Crinoidea?
Feather stars and sea lilies
50
What are Echinoidea?
Sea urchins Sea potatoes Sand dollars No arms, use muscles to move on spines
51
What are Ophiuroidea?
Brittle stars Distinct long arms and central disc
52
What are Asteroidea?
Sea urchins 5 or more arms, tube feet Use hydraulics to move Capable of regeneration Feed by averting stomach into prey
53
What are Holothuroidea?
Sea cucumbers Lack spines Elongated Move using tube feet and contractions Expel internal organs in defence as they can be quickly regenerated

OS103 (20 decks)

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