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OS103 > Marine Vertebrates > Flashcards

Marine Vertebrates Flashcards

1
Q

What is a notochord?

A

A simple supporting rod with nerves running down it

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2
Q

What is a hag fish?

A

An Agnatha with a rudimentary skull, no vertebrae and no jaws (rasping disk around the mouth)

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3
Q

What are Lamprey?

A

They are simple cartilaginous vertebrae

They have lots of strength and flexibility

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4
Q

What is the evolution of jaws?

A

Gill arches - supported by boney rods
Bones adapted to jaws 430 Ma
Ross fold over to create the jaws

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5
Q

What are Gnathostoma?

A

Chondrichthyes
Cartilaginous fish - sharks, rays and Chimaeras
Flexible powerful swimmers

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6
Q

What are the features of sharks?

A 
No swim bladder
Oily liver provides limited buoyancy 
Propelled using powerful caudal tail 
Pectoral fins provide lift 
Actively pump water over their gills when resting 
Sensitive to chemicals and em fields
Jelly filled pits at the front of the head that can detect minute changes in voltage 
Viviparous - live young
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7
Q

What are Gnathostoma?

A

Osteichthyes
Bony fish
2 types

Lobe finned
Ray finned

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8
Q

What are the features of bony fish?

A

Ossified bony endoskeleton
Gills protected by operculum
Swim bladder

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9
Q

What is a swim bladder?

A

Gas is secreted into the swim bladder to control buoyancy

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10
Q

What are the types of Ray finned fish?

A

Salmonidae
Sconbridae
Gadidae
Syngnathidae

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11
Q

What are Salmonidae?

A

Trout and salmon

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12
Q

What are Scombridae?

A

Mackerel and tuna

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13
Q

What are Gadidae?

A

Cod and Haddock

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14
Q

What are Synganthidae?

A

Seahorses and pipefish

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15
Q

What are the features of lobe finned fish?

A

Fins contain rod shaped bones and thick muscle
Fins used to walk along the seabed
Shallow swampy environments

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16
Q

What is a coelacanth?

A

A living fossil - thought to have been extinct 75 Ma but actually still alive

17
Q

What is the evolution of limbs?

A

Tetrapods limbs evolved from lobe fins

Swim bladders evolved from lungs

18
Q

How did tetrapods evolve from lung fish?

A

Retained gills
Use lungs to absorb extra oxygen from the air
‘Walked’ in shallow swamps
First ancestor of reptiles, amphibians and mammals

19
Q

What are Chelonia?

A 
Turtles 
Ectothermic
Shell formed by vertebrae ribs and dermal ossification of the skin 
Migrate huge distances
Eat jelly fish
20
Q

What are Squamata?

A 
95% of living reptiles 
Sea snakes - very venomous 
Marine iguanas
Forgage in the sea
Return to land to warm up - ectothermic
21
Q

What are crocodilia?

A

Last dinosaur survivors

Confined to tropics and sub tropics

22
Q

Features of birds

A 
Warm blooded - maintain high metabolic activity 
Feathers adapted from scales
Occupy every terrestrial habitat
Modified lightweight bones
No bladder
23
Q

What are the features of marine birds?

A

They have specialised glands to to excrete salt

Sensitive sense of smell for fish oils

OS103 (20 decks)

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