Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geogrpahy > Rocks and Rock Cycle > Flashcards

Rocks and Rock Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What do rocks make up

A

The surface of the earths crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are rocks made

A

They are made from different minerals held together by a natural cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 3 main features to different types of rock have

A

Colors, Textures and Hardness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 rock groups

A

Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are Igneous Rocks Formed

A

Volcanic Activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does Volcanic Activity create Igneous rocks

A

Lava or magma cools into solid rock above or under the earths surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are Sedimentary rocks formed

A

Formed from sediments compressed by the sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What word describes cementing the minerals together to form a Sedimentary rock

A

Lithified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are Metamorphic rocks formed

A

When existing rocks are exposed to great heat (thermal) and pressure (regional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 5 transformations occur in the rock cycle

A

Cooling
Melting
Heat and Pressure
Erosion
Compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does volcanic activity create Igneous rocks

A

The cooling and crystallization of magma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of Igneous rock does Intrusive or Plutonic processes create

A

Granite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of Igneous rock does Extrusive processes create

A

Basalt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is Granite found in Ireland

A

Connemara Lowlands and the mountains of Donegal, Wicklow and Down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is Granite used in homes

A

In counter tops, Gravestones and stairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does Granite come to the surface from intrusive volcanic activity

A

Erosion and weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is Granite formed

A

Subduction or folding magma gets trapped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of an appearance does Granite have

A

Grained and large crystals gritty appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 4 types of minerals are found in Granite

A

Mica, Feldspar, Quartz and silica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What % of Quartz must granite at least be

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is Granite an acidic or basic rock

A

Acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What % of silica must granite at least be

A

55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What 4 colors can Granite have

A

White, Black and white, Pink and Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes the Granite to become a salmon pink color

A

Potassium Feldspar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What causes the Granite to become a red color

A

Iron Oxide

26
Q

Is basalt an extrusive or intrusive rock

27
Q

Where in Ireland are basalt rocks commonly found

A

Antrim-Derry plateau (giants causeway)

28
Q

What is basalt used in

A

Road building and rock armour

29
Q

How is basalt formed

A

When lava cools very quickly on the earths surface

30
Q

What colour is basalt

A

Black or Dark Gray

31
Q

What 3 minerals does basalt contain

A

Magnesium, Feldspar and iron

32
Q

Is basalt a basic or acidic rock

A

Basic (less than 55% silica)

33
Q

Where are sedimentary rocks formed

A

On or near the surface of the earth, lakebeds or beneath the sea

34
Q

What are sedimentary rocks made up from

A

Sediments compressed together

35
Q

What are the 3 groups of sedimentary rocks

A

Mechanically formed, organically formed and chemically formed

36
Q

What are sedimentary rocks developed in (layers)

37
Q

What is cementation

A

Bonding of sedimentary rocks together

38
Q

Where is Sandstone found in Ireland

A

Cork, Kerry

39
Q

What mountain orogeny is Sandstone from

40
Q

How is Sandstone formed (Mechanically formed, organically formed and chemically formed)

A

Mechanically formed

41
Q

How is sandstone formed in relation of weathering

A

The sand it carried to the sea where layers build up

42
Q

What is Sandstone mainly made from

43
Q

What is the most common rock in Ireland

44
Q

How is Limestone used

A

Construction, farming and making cement

45
Q

What are the 3 main types of Limestone

A

Carboniferous, Dolomite and chalk

46
Q

What is a rock that is made up of at least 50% calcium carbonate called

47
Q

What period of time was Limestone created

48
Q

What is Limestone cemented by

A

Calcium carbonate and chemicals in the sea

49
Q

What is regional or dynamic metamorphism

A

When heat and pressure changes a large area

50
Q

What is marbles parent rock

51
Q

Where can marble be found

A

North west of Ireland (Galway)

52
Q

What texture does Marble have

A

Coarse and rough

53
Q

What is Marble made from

54
Q

How does Marble form larger crystals

A

More metamorphism

55
Q

What colour is marble

A

White But impurities give is a red pink or green colour

56
Q

What is Quartzite parent rock

57
Q

Where can Quartzite be found

A

Coragh Patrick

58
Q

What texture does Quartzite have

A

Hard and non-porous Very resistant to erosion

59
Q

What is Quartzite made from

A

Melted silica and sand

60
Q

What colour is Quartzite

A

White to gray

Geogrpahy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions