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Geogrpahy > Karst Region (The Burren) > Flashcards

Karst Region (The Burren) Flashcards

1
Q

What process exposes the limestone

A

Glaciation

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2
Q

What is karst

A

Limestone

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3
Q

What is it called when Landforms above and below the surface are created

A

Karstification

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4
Q

Name 2 other Karst regions internationally

A

Slovenia and Dalmatian coast Croatia

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5
Q

What does the formula H2CO3 mean for carbonic acid

A

It means its weak

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6
Q

How does the rainwater become more acidic

A

It moves through soil becoming more acidic from dead plant roots etc

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7
Q

What 3 conditions must be present for a karst to exist

A

Weak limestone, Limestone cannot be under water and lots of rainfall

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8
Q

What 4 surface features are present in a karst

A

Clints, Swallow holes, Dolines and Turloughs

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9
Q

What 2 underground features are present in a karst

A

Caves, Dripstone features

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10
Q

What are Grikes

A

Vertical joints or cracks (30cm wide and 100cm deep)

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11
Q

How are grikes formed

A

Formed when water widens the joints in the limestone

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12
Q

What are clints

A

Blocks or limestone between the grikes

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13
Q

Where in the Burren is limestone pavement found

A

Black Head

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14
Q

What % of the Burren does limestone pavement make up

A

20%

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15
Q

What are Karrens

A

Small depressions found on clints

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16
Q

How are karrens created

A

Acidic water collecting in them

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17
Q

How does fluting develop

A

Water from a Karen runs off the clint into a grike, creating a funnel

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18
Q

How are Swallow Holes formed

A

Carbonation and Gravity

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19
Q

What speeds up the process of Swallow Holes

A

Hydraulic action and Abrasion

20
Q

What is the name of a river that goes underground due to acidic water

A

Dry Valley

21
Q

Where can Swallow Holes be found

A

Poul na gColm in Co.Clare

22
Q

What are Turloughs

A

Temporary seasonal lakes that occur in a limestone landscape

23
Q

When are Turloughs visible

A

During winter when water level rises

24
Q

Where are Turloughs common

A

East Galway and North Clare

25
Q

What is ground water

A

Water held underground (Aquifer)

26
Q

What are Dolines

A

Closed depressions or swallow holes

27
Q

What lengths can Dolines come in

A

10-1000m in diameter and 2-150m in depth

28
Q

How to Dolines develop

A

When a joint widens or the roof of an underground cave collapses

29
Q

What are 2 or more Dolines joined together called

A

Uvala

30
Q

Where are Dolines found in the Burren

A

Aillwee Hill

31
Q

What is a dry valley

A

a river that has no river flowing through it

32
Q

How are dry valleys created

A

When the river is swallowed by a swallow hole

33
Q

What is another name for a dry valley

A

emergent river

34
Q

how are caves and caverns created

A

When surface rivers flow underground and enlarge the underground joints through carbonation

35
Q

Where are caves/caverns formed

A

Below or under the water table

36
Q

Where are caves/caverns seen

A

Dunmore caves

37
Q

What are the 3 dripstone features

A

Stalagmites, stalactites and pillars

38
Q

what are Stalagmites, stalactites and pillars known as collectively

A

Speleothem

39
Q

How do Stalagmites develop

A

drops of water fall onto the floor of caves building up small domes

40
Q

What shape do Stalagmites have

A

Shapeless because of water splashing

41
Q

How do pillars form

A

When Stalagmites and stalactites join together

42
Q

How are stalactites formed

A

When calcite rings are left behind after water drops

43
Q

what are straw stalactites

A

Smaller stalactites that are hollow and grow several meters

44
Q

What are the 4 stages of Karst landscapes

A

Initial, Youthful, Mature and Old

45
Q

When does the Karst cycle begin

A

As soon as the carboniferous Limestone is uplifted from the sea

46
Q

When does the Karst cycle End

A

Once the Limestone has worn away

Geogrpahy (9 decks)

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