Folding and Faulting Flashcards

1
Q

What is rock structure

A

the arrangement of rocks by the deformation caused by folding and faulting

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2
Q

What 3 forces are involved with rock deformation

A

Compression, Tenstion and Shearing

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3
Q

What PB is Tensioning a rock and what is the result

A

Constructive, Faulting

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4
Q

What PB is Shearing a rock and what is the result

A

Destructive, Faulting

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5
Q

What PB is Compressing a rock and what is the result

A

Transform, Folding

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6
Q

What structure does folds contain

A

A bent or Buckled fold

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7
Q

What does strong pressure and high temp. do to a rock

A

Causes it to fold like plastic (Ductile)

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8
Q

What is an Anticline

A

Upfold or arch

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9
Q

What is a Syncline

A

Downfold

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10
Q

What is a Limb

A

‘arm’ of a fold

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of folding

A

Simple Fold, Asymmetrical Fold, Overfold, Overthrust Fold

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12
Q

Give 3 mountains that are of Caledonian Orogeny

A

Scotland, Scandinavia and the Appalachians

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13
Q

How long ago were mountains of Caledonian Orogeny formed

A

400mya (Oldest)

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14
Q

What were the sedimentary rocks of Caledonian Orogeny melted into

A

Quartz and Schist

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15
Q

Give 3 mountains that are of Armorican Orogeny

A

Coneragh, Galtee and knockmealdown

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16
Q

How long ago were mountains of Armorican Orogeny formed

A

250mya (middle in age)

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17
Q

What was the limestone rock of Armorican Orogeny melted into

A

ORS

18
Q

What does ORS mean

A

omnidirectional relief and steepness

19
Q

Give 3 mountains that are of Alpine Orogeny

A

Himalayas, Rockies, Andes

20
Q

How long ago were mountains of Alpine Orogeny formed

A

30mya (youngest)

21
Q

How does doming occur

A

Magma intrusion forces it to buldge

22
Q

Give an example of a doming mt

A

Sliene Bloom

23
Q

What does intense pressure of faulting cause

A

Fractures called joints

24
Q

What is Faulting caused by

A

Compression, Tension and Shearing

25
Q

What is a plateu in faulting mts

A

Flat land that has been uplifted

26
Q

What is scarp

A

The cliff formed by vertical displacement of rock

27
Q

What are the 3 types of Faulting

A

Normal faults, Reverse faults and Tear faults

28
Q

What are reverse faults a result of

A

Compression

29
Q

Which way does the slab of rock move in a reverse fault

A

One block is forced upward

30
Q

Give a location of a reverse fault

A

Killarney to Mallow

31
Q

If a reverse fault’s footwall fall down what is formed

A

A horst of block mountain

32
Q

Give a location of a horst of block mountain

A

Bunbulben, Co.Sligo

33
Q

What are normal faults a result of

A

Tension

34
Q

Which way does the slab of rock move in a normal fault

A

Vertical, one block slips past another

35
Q

Give a location of a normal fault

A

Kingscourt, Co.Cavan

36
Q

What is the feature of a normal fault

A

Graben (rift Valley)

37
Q

What distance can rock from a normal fault be displaced by

A

Over 600m

38
Q

Give a location of a rift valley formed by a normal fault

A

Rhine Rift Valley

39
Q

What is a tear fault

A

When one block is displaced horizontally to another

40
Q

Give an example of a tear fault

A

Leannan tear fault in Donegal

41
Q

What fault line was created due to a tear fault

A

San Andreas Fault line