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Science > Rocks and Minerals Test > Flashcards

Rocks and Minerals Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a rock?

A

A rock is a solid collection of one or more minerals.

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2
Q

What are the physical properties of a rock?

A

texture, hardness, shininess, streak, and crystal shape and size

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3
Q

What are the chemical properties of a rock?

A

chemical components and reactions with acid

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4
Q

What are the three main types of rock?

A

igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary

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5
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

Existing rocks changed under heat and pressure

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of metamorphic rocks?

A

ordered crystals, dense, hard, may contain fossils

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7
Q

Name 3 metamorphic rocks:

A

marble, slate, gneiss

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8
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

volcanic rock formed when magma cools, solidifies, and crystalizes

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9
Q

What is the difference between magma and lava?

A

magma is underground and lava is on the surface

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of igneous rocks?

A

intrusive and extrusive

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11
Q

How are intrusive igneous rocks formed?

A

magma

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12
Q

How are extrusive igneous rocks formed?

A

lava

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of intrusive igneous rocks?

A

slow to cool therefore large crystals, no fossils (too hot), hard

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of extrusive igneous rocks?

A

quick to cool therefore small crystals, no fossils, hard

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15
Q

Name 2 intrusive igneous rocks:

A

granite, gabbara

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16
Q

Name 2 extrusive igneous rocks:

A

basalt, pumice, obsidian

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17
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

compacted and cemented sediments

18
Q

What are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?

A

can contain fossils, layered, ribbons, soft and crumbly, no crystals

19
Q

Name 3 sedimentary rocks:

A

limestone, sandstone, coal

20
Q

What is a mineral?

A

naturally occurring solid crystal chemical compound

21
Q

What are the 2 types of minerals?

A

metallic and non metallic

22
Q

Name some minerals:

A

lead, Sulphur, aluminum oxide

23
Q

What is an ore?

A

metal mineral that is worth extracting from a rock to provide valuable resources

24
Q

What are the types of weathering?

A

chemical, physical, biological

25
Q

What information can rocks tell us and how?

A

past natural events (different layers of sediments), past species (fossils), past volcanic episodes (igneous), travel (type of rock-environment)

26
Q

What are fossils?

A

impressions of plants and animals left in rocks from millions of years ago

27
Q

How are fossils formed?

A

when an organism dies and is buried by sediment

28
Q

What are the 4 types of fossils?

A

original, replacement, carbon film, indirect

29
Q

How many minerals are rocks a collection of?

A

one or more

29
Q

What are sediments?

A

small pieces of rocks worn away through weathering

30
Q

What are original fossils?

A

actual parts of an organism that are preserved

31
Q

What are replacement fossils?

A

minerals in the fossil’s shell or bones are replaced

32
Q

What are carbon film fossils?

A

thin black carbon film forms due to decay

33
Q

What are indirect fossils?

A

not part of an organism but are imprints

34
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

chemical composition is changed - water reactions

35
Q

What is biological weathering?

A

plants break up rocks

36
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

when rocks are broken apart without their chemical composition changing

eg: stepping, water hitting, temperature changes,

37
Q

What is erosion?

A

natural materials are worn away and transported by wind, water, or glaciers

38
Q

What is deposition?

A

sediments are settled in layers

39
Q

What is weathering?

A

Loosening of a rock

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