Cells Test Flashcards
what are tissues?
Groups of same cells working together
what are organs?
groups of different tissues working together for a function
what are the levels of organisation in the human body?
cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organisms
What is a cell?
a cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
What are the 7 life processes?
MRS NERG movement reproduction sensitivity nutrition excretion respiration growth
what is cell theory?
all organisms are composed of one or more cellss
what is cell division?
existing parent cell’s DNA replicates to create 2 daughter cells
how do unicellular organisms reproduce
unicellular organisms reproduce through cell division
how do multicellular organisms produce new cells?
Multicellular organisms produce new cells via cell division for growth and repair
What groups are cells classified into?
prokaryotic and eukaryotic
What are the qualities of prokaryotic cells?
most primitive, unicellular, simple structure, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, DNA is found in cytoplasm
What are the qualities of eukaryotic cells?
complex structure, has nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes, found in most living things - single or multicellular, evolved from prokaryotic
What do all cells have?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
What is the cell membrane?
The outer covering that is a barrier protecting the cell. It controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
watery component where reactions happen, provides structure
What is the DNA?
the genetic material of the cell
what are ribosomes?
molecular machines that synthesize proteins
Why are plant cells different to animal cells?
need to use photosynthesis to obtain energy and respiration to release the energy
What do plant cells contain?
cell wall, cell membrane, central vacuole, chloroplasts, cytoplasm, nucleus
what does cell wall do
provides plant with shape and support
what does central vacuole do?
stores water, nutrients, and waste, fills with water to help stand upright
what does chloroplasts do
absorb sunlight and stores the energy in sugar made from water and c02 (photosynthesis)
What are the 4 types of tissue
nervous, epithelial, connective,muscle,
what is mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
what is digestion?
digestion is the process of breaking down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones.
what does the digestive system do?
breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and removes undigested material
what does the liver do?
filters toxins, produces bile to break down fats
what does the gallbladder do?
stores bile
what does the pancreas do?
produces enzymes for digestion
How do you find the magnification of a microscope?
magnification = eye piece x objective lens
How do you view cells?
with a microscope because they are too small to see with the naked eye
What is the path of food through the digestive system?
mouth - esophagus - stomach - small intestine (absorption of nutrients into circulatory system through villi) - large intestine (absorption of water) - rectum - anus
Why do cells divide in the body?
to replace dead/damaged cells, new cells, for growth and repair
types of cells and their function
animal - sperm (reproduction), egg (reproduction), red blood cell (carries oxygen), white blood cell (fights infection), skin cell (protects body), fat cell (insulation),
plant - root hair cell (absorbs water), guard cell (transfer gasses with surroundings)
what are the roles of bacteria in the small intestine?
assisting digestion of food, killing harmful bacteria
