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Responding to change test year 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pathway of oxygen in the respiratory system

A

mouth/nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, blood capillaries

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2
Q

define bronchi

A

bronchi are the passageways that connect the trachea to the lungs.

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3
Q

define alveolus

A

tiny air sac in a lung where gas exchange occurs

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4
Q

define bronchiole

A

a tube that carries air through lungs

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5
Q

define trachea

A

The main airway between the throat and the lungs

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6
Q

define gas exchange

A

The movement of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of it through diffusion

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7
Q

what is the major organ in the respiratory system

A

lungs

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8
Q

how does gas exchange work (explain)

A

capillaries pass by the alveoli to put oxgyen in blood. carbon dioxide is passed into the alveoli to be exhaled.

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of all living things

A

MRS NERG: movement, respiration, sensitivity, nutrition, excretion, reproduction, growth

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10
Q

what is the purpose of organ systems

A

to obtain the requirements of life (eg nutrients, oxygen) and remove waste

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11
Q

what is the purpose of the respiratory system

A

to obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

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12
Q

what is the purpose of the circulatory system

A

transport nutrients and waste around the body via blood

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13
Q

what is the purpose of the excretory system

A

remove nitrogen-containing waste and excess water

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the nervous system

A

to coordinate the activity of all body systems and permit the body to respond to damage

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15
Q

define homeostasis

A

maintaining constant internal conditions

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16
Q

what is an artery

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, generally oxygenated under high pressure

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17
Q

what is a vein

A

blood vessel that carries blood to the heart, generally deoxygenated under low pressure

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18
Q

what are capillaries

A

thin blood vessels where the exchange of gases, nutrients and waste takes place with every cell.

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19
Q

what are the two parts of the nervous system

A

peripheral and central nervous system

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20
Q

what is in the central nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord

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21
Q

why does the body get rid of carbon dioxide

A

too much carbon dioxide is toxic, decreasing blood pH and causing acidosis which disrupts bodily functions.

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22
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

the chemical reaction that breaks down glucose to get energy, creating water and carbon dioxide as waste products. the energy is caught in molecules of adenosine triphosphate which provides it to other cells for fuel

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23
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart called

A

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

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24
Q

what does the pulmonary vein do

A

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body

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25
where is the pulmonary vein located
top of the left side of the heart
26
which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood
left
27
which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood
right
28
what does the right side of the heart do
pump blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
29
what does the left side of the heart do
pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
30
which side of the heart has stronger muscle and why
left, because it has a longer distance to pump blood
31
where does the blood deliver waste to to be filtered
kidneys
32
why does blood get delivered to the kidneys
to be filtered
33
what is the first step in the excretory system
nitrogen containing waste (urea) dissolves in blood and is transported to the kidneys
34
what type of waste dissolves in blood (excretory)
nitrogen-containing waste called urea
35
what is the second step in the excretory system
blood in an artery moves into each kidney where it gets filtered by nephrons
36
what is the third step in the excretory system
nitrogen-containing waste, excess water, leaves the blood and becomes a fluid called urine
37
what is the fourth step in the excretory system
urine accumulates in the bladder
38
how long can urine stay in the bladder
a few hours
39
what is the fifth step in the excretory system
blood in a vein moves back out of each kidney and goes back to the heart to be oxygenated
40
what is the sixth step in the excretory system
urine is pushed from each kidney to the bladder by a tube called a ureter
41
what does the ureter do
transport urine from each kidney to the bladder
42
what is the seventh step of the excretory system
urine leaves the bladder through a tube called the urethra and passes out the body
43
what is the path of waste in the excretory system
blood - kidney - ureter - bladder - urethra
44
what are the structure of the kidney called and what is their function
nephrons filter blood in the kidneys
45
what are the parts of a neuron
dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, myelin sheath, axon ending/terminal
46
what do the dendrites do
branches that receive electrical messages from another neuron
47
what is the cell body
where organelles like the nucleus are found
48
what do axons do
send an electrical message from the cell body towards the next cell
49
what do axon endings do
carries the signal across the synapse to the next dendrite
50
what do myelin sheaths do
a fatty layer that protects the axon and makes the signal faster
51
what are the types of neuron
sensory, motor, inter
52
what do sensory neurons do
carry information from sensory receptors (peripheral nervous system) to the central nervous system
53
what do motor neurons do
send messages from the central nervous system to effectors such as muscles and glands to make a response happen
54
what are interneurons
connect sensory and motor neurons
55
what are reflex responses
responses not coordinated by the brain. they involve shortcuts from the sensory neuron to the spinal cord then straight to a motor neuron to a muscle
56
what is a characteristic of reflex responses
very fast, involuntary as the brain does not coordinate them
57
provide 3 examples of reflex responses
blinking, flinching, moving hand away from hot pan
58
why are reflex responses important
protect the body from injury and pain
59
what is the term for neurons meeting
synapse
60
what carries the signal across neurons
chemicals called neurotransmitters
61
what are receptors
nerve endings that detect stimuli
62
what do stimuli do
induce responses which produce effects
63
what does the peripheral nervous system involve
nerves that run throughout the rest of the body
64
what is the stimulus response model
stimulus - receptors - sensory neuron - central nervous system - motor neuron - effector - response
65
what is osmoregulation
maintaining water balance in the body
66
what is glucoregulation
maintaining glucose/sugar balance in the body
67
what is the pathway of blood in the heart
pulmonary vein - right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - rest of body
68
what is the pulmonary artery
connected to right ventricle and gives deoxygenated blood to lungs
69
what is the aorta
an artery that carries blood from the heart to rest of the body
70
where does blood enter and leave in the heart
enters an atrium and leaves from a ventricle
71
what is the pathway of blood in the body
heart - arteries - capillaries - veins

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