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Science > Matter and Chemical Change Test > Flashcards

Matter and Chemical Change Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is defined as any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

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2
Q

What is all matter composed of?

A

Atoms

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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of a chemical element.

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4
Q

What are atoms made up of?

A

A central nucleus

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5
Q

What is the atomic nucleus?

A

The atomic nucleus is the center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

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6
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

The nucleus contains subatomic particles

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7
Q

What subatomic particles does the nucleus contain?

A

Protons - positive (+) charge
Neutrons - neutral or no charge

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8
Q

What is a proton?

A

A subatomic particles with a positive charge.

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9
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A

The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negative (-) electrons

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10
Q

What is an electron?

A

A small particle with a negative charge that is found in all atoms.

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11
Q

What do atoms have the same number of?

A

Atoms have the same number of protons and neutrons.

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12
Q

What does the atomic theory of matter state?

A

The atomic theory of matter states that all substances are made up of atoms.

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13
Q

What are elements composed of?

A

Elements are composed of only one type of atom.

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14
Q

How many types of atoms are elements composed of?

A

Elements are composed of only one type of atom.

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15
Q

What do all atoms in the element have the same number of?

A

All atoms in the element have the same number of protons in the nucleus.

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16
Q

What are all atoms in the element like?

A

All atoms in the element are identical.

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17
Q

Can elements be broken down?

A

Elements cannot be broken down into other substances by any chemical or physical means.

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18
Q

Why can’t elements be broken down by any chemical or physical means?

A

Because they are already the simplest substances.

19
Q

What are elements composed of?

A

atoms with the same number of protons in their nucleus

20
Q

What is a compound?

A

two or more different elements are chemically bonded together.

21
Q

What does a compound contain?

A

many identical molecules.

22
Q

What does not count as a compound?

A

A molecule containing one element bonded to the same element because a compound required multiple elements.

23
Q

What is a molecule?

A

a small group of atoms that are chemically combined.

24
Q

What does it mean if the small group of atoms are all the same?

A

If the small group of atoms are all the same, it is a molecule of an element.

25
Q

What are mixtures?

A

two or more substances that are mixed together

26
Q

Are the substances in mixtures chemically bonded?

A

The substances in mixtures are not chemically bonded

27
Q

What do compounds consist of?

A

Compounds consist of two or more elements chemically bonded.

28
Q

What are elements?

A

pure substances

29
Q

How many kinds of atoms are elements made up of?

A

one

30
Q

Why do solids have a fixed shape and cannot flow?

A

The atoms are very close together.

31
Q

What are solids’ atoms held in place by?

A

strong forces called bonds.

32
Q

Why can gasses be compressed?

A

Because the particles are far apart and have space to move into.

33
Q

Do gases have a fixed shape or volume?

A

Gases do not have a fixed shape or fixed volume.

34
Q

Why can’t liquids be compressed?

A

Because the particles are packed close together there is no space for them to move into.

35
Q

Why can gasses flow and completely fill their container?

A

The particles move around all the time and spread out to take up the container.

36
Q

Do gases have a fixed shape or fixed volume?

A

No

37
Q

Why can liquids flow and take the shape of their container?

A

Because the particles can move a freely and have no definite shape

38
Q

Why can liquids take the shape of their container?

A

because liquids have no definite shape and moves freely

39
Q

Why can’t solids be compressed?

A

Because the particles in solids are closely packed together with no space to move into.

40
Q

What is the definition of diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the random movement of particles from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration

41
Q

What is an equal concentration called?

A

Equilibrium

42
Q

Can diffusion occur in solids?

A

Yes.

43
Q

Is diffusion in solids a fast or slow process? Why?

A

slow because the density of solids is very high

44
Q

Does diffusion happen faster in warm fluids than in cold? Why?

A

Diffusion happens faster in warm fluids because when temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases. The increased movement of the particles makes them diffuse faster.

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