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Science > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a volcanic eruption

A

escape of hot materials from under the earth’s surface

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2
Q

what could erupt from a volcano

A

ash, lava, gas, rock

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3
Q

what is an active volcano

A

volcano that could erupt at any time

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4
Q

what is a dormant volcano

A

hasn’t erupted for a considerable time but has the potential to

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5
Q

what is an extinct volcano

A

no longer able to erupt

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6
Q

what are the parts of a volcano

A

magma chamber, pipe, vent, crater

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7
Q

what is the vent

A

the part of the volcano where the lava flows through just before exiting the crater

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8
Q

what is the crater

A

the opening of the volcano where the material erupts from

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9
Q

what are the types of volcano

A

shield + composite

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10
Q

where do shield volcanoes occur

A

divergent boundaries + hotspots

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11
Q

where do composite volcanoes occur

A

convergent boundaries - subduction zones

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12
Q

what are the layers of the earth called

A

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

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13
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

the crust and top rocky part of the mantle

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14
Q

describe the crust

A

solid rock, thinnest layer of the earth, broken into plates that float on the mantle (tectonic plates)

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15
Q

describe the mantle

A

semi-solid plastic rock, largest layer

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16
Q

describe the outer core

A

semi-liquid metals, melted from inner core’s heat

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17
Q

describe the inner core

A

solid due to pressure, metals

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18
Q

what is an earthquake

A

movement in the Earth’s crust

19
Q

what is the shake that comes before a major earthquake called

A

Foreshock

20
Q

what is the shake that comes after a major earthquake called

A

aftershock

21
Q

where do earthquakes mainly occur

A

plate boundaries

22
Q

how do earthquakes work

A

plates slip past each each other releasing energy which causes vibrations called seismic waves

23
Q

what are the vibrations called

A

seismic waves

24
Q

what scale measures the power of the earthquake

A

richter

25
Q

what scale measures the intensity of the earthquake

A

mercalli

26
Q

what is the focus

A

point where the earthquake begins

27
Q

what is the epicentre

A

point on the surface above the focus

28
Q

what is a fault

A

crack in the crust - pressure builds up and is released suddenly causing earthquakes

29
Q

what are tectonic plates

A

pieces of crust

30
Q

what causes plate movement

A

convection currents

31
Q

how do convection currents work

A

Hot magma rises closer to the surface and as it cools it sinks back down. As it moves across, it drags the tectonic plates with it.

32
Q

what is a divergent boundary AKA

A

constructive boundary

33
Q

what directions do plates move at divergent boundary

A

away from each other <- ->

34
Q

what happens at divergent boundaries

A

mid ocean ridges, rift valleys, volcanoes (plates move apart allowing magma to come up)

35
Q

what is a mid ocean ridge and how are they formed

A

underwater mountains - plates separate, magma rises up to fill the gap, solidifying and forming new crust

36
Q

what is a rift valley

A

a long depression in the earth’s crust

37
Q

how do rift valleys form volcanoes

A

magma rises through the thinned crust

38
Q

what are convergent boundaries AKA

A

destructive boundary

39
Q

what directions do plates move at convergent boundary

A

towards each other -> <-

40
Q

what happens at convergent boundaries

A

oceanic-oceanic: subduction = trenches + volcanoes
oceanic-continental: subduction - oceanic sinks = ocean trenches + land volcanoes
continental-continental: too light to sink in mantle = pushed up = mountains

41
Q

what is subduction

A

when two tectonic plates collide and the less dense one sinks under the other one

42
Q

what are the types of crust and which is denser

A

oceanic + continental / oceanic is denser but continental is more thick

43
Q

what are transform boundaries

A

…
plates slide against each other in opposite directions | |
…

44
Q

what happens at transform boundaries

A

friction = earthquakes

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