Plate Tectonics

Question 1

what is a volcanic eruption

Answer 1

escape of hot materials from under the earth’s surface

Question 2

what could erupt from a volcano

Answer 2

ash, lava, gas, rock

Question 3

what is an active volcano

Answer 3

volcano that could erupt at any time

Question 4

what is a dormant volcano

Answer 4

hasn’t erupted for a considerable time but has the potential to

Question 5

what is an extinct volcano

Answer 5

no longer able to erupt

Question 6

what are the parts of a volcano

Answer 6

magma chamber, pipe, vent, crater

Question 7

what is the vent

Answer 7

the part of the volcano where the lava flows through just before exiting the crater

Question 8

what is the crater

Answer 8

the opening of the volcano where the material erupts from

Question 9

what are the types of volcano

Answer 9

shield + composite

Question 10

where do shield volcanoes occur

Answer 10

divergent boundaries + hotspots

Question 11

where do composite volcanoes occur

Answer 11

convergent boundaries - subduction zones

Question 12

what are the layers of the earth called

Answer 12

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 13

what is the lithosphere

Answer 13

the crust and top rocky part of the mantle

Question 14

describe the crust

Answer 14

solid rock, thinnest layer of the earth, broken into plates that float on the mantle (tectonic plates)

Question 15

describe the mantle

Answer 15

semi-solid plastic rock, largest layer

Question 16

describe the outer core

Answer 16

semi-liquid metals, melted from inner core’s heat

Question 17

describe the inner core

Answer 17

solid due to pressure, metals

Question 18

what is an earthquake

Answer 18

movement in the Earth’s crust

Question 19

what is the shake that comes before a major earthquake called

Answer 19

Foreshock

Question 20

what is the shake that comes after a major earthquake called

Answer 20

aftershock

Question 21

where do earthquakes mainly occur

Answer 21

plate boundaries

Question 22

how do earthquakes work

Answer 22

plates slip past each each other releasing energy which causes vibrations called seismic waves

Question 23

what are the vibrations called

Answer 23

seismic waves

Question 24

what scale measures the power of the earthquake

Answer 24

richter

Question 25

what scale measures the intensity of the earthquake

Answer 25

mercalli

Question 26

what is the focus

Answer 26

point where the earthquake begins

Question 27

what is the epicentre

Answer 27

point on the surface above the focus

Question 28

what is a fault

Answer 28

crack in the crust - pressure builds up and is released suddenly causing earthquakes

Question 29

what are tectonic plates

Answer 29

pieces of crust

Question 30

what causes plate movement

Answer 30

convection currents

Question 31

how do convection currents work

Answer 31

Hot magma rises closer to the surface and as it cools it sinks back down. As it moves across, it drags the tectonic plates with it.

Question 32

what is a divergent boundary AKA

Answer 32

constructive boundary

Question 33

what directions do plates move at divergent boundary

Answer 33

away from each other <- ->

Question 34

what happens at divergent boundaries

Answer 34

mid ocean ridges, rift valleys, volcanoes (plates move apart allowing magma to come up)

Question 35

what is a mid ocean ridge and how are they formed

Answer 35

underwater mountains - plates separate, magma rises up to fill the gap, solidifying and forming new crust

Question 36

what is a rift valley

Answer 36

a long depression in the earth's crust

Question 37

how do rift valleys form volcanoes

Answer 37

magma rises through the thinned crust

Question 38

what are convergent boundaries AKA

Answer 38

destructive boundary

Question 39

what directions do plates move at convergent boundary

Answer 39

towards each other -> <-

Question 40

what happens at convergent boundaries

Answer 40

oceanic-oceanic: subduction = trenches + volcanoes oceanic-continental: subduction - oceanic sinks = ocean trenches + land volcanoes continental-continental: too light to sink in mantle = pushed up = mountains

Question 41

what is subduction

Answer 41

when two tectonic plates collide and the less dense one sinks under the other one

Question 42

what are the types of crust and which is denser

Answer 42

oceanic + continental / oceanic is denser but continental is more thick

Question 43

what are transform boundaries

Answer 43

... plates slide against each other in opposite directions | | ...

Question 44

what happens at transform boundaries

Answer 44

friction = earthquakes