Rocks and Minerals Flashcards
Describe the Earth’s shape
It’s a sphere
Describe the Earth’s size
Circumference: 40,074 km
Diameter: 12,756 km
What are three examples that explain how the Earth is round?
- Mast of a ship on the horizon
- Nighttime sky
- Lunar eclipse
What is density?
Mass divided by volume
What is the average density of the earth?
5.5 g/cc
What is the average density of the crust?
2.8 g/cc
What is the temp. of the earth just below the surface?
The average temp. of the year
What makes the crust of the earth hot?
Some heat is left over from the formation of the earth, other heat comes from the decay of radioactive elements
What is a rock forming mineral, it’s minerals are abundant?
Silicates
What are the physical properties of a mineral?
Color, Luster, and Crystal Shape
What is the study of minerals and their properties?
Mineralogy
What is the test where they test the color of the powder of the minerals?
Streak Test
What is the test where they test to see if it shines like polished metal or if it is dull?
Metallic and Nonmetallic Test
What is the test where they test the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces?
Cleavage Test
What is the test where they test the resistance to being scratched?
Hardness test
What are the four tests that they do to identify minerals?
- Streak
- Metallic and Nonmetallic
- Cleavage
- Hardness
What is a scale from 1-10, with 1 being the softest and 10 being the hardest?
Moh’s Scale
Prior to 1790’s how did people think the surface of the earth formed?
By a spectacular catastrophe
What did James Hutton say about the formation of the earth’s surface?
- The present was the key to the past
- The geologic processes now were happening in the past
- The features of the earth were created by the same processes over a long period of time