ROCKS AND MINERALS Flashcards

1
Q

They make up Earth’s solid part and provide us valuable resources

A

Minerals

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2
Q

A small group of these minerals make up almost 90% of the rocks of Earth’s crust

A

Common Rock-forming Minerals

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3
Q

5 Requirements that must be met in order for a substance to be classified as a mineral

A

Naturally occuring, Inorganic, Solid, Definite Chemical Composition, and Ordered Crystal Structure

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4
Q

To be considered common rock-forming mineral, it must be? (3 factors)

A

✓ one of the most abundant minerals in Earth’s crust
✓one of the original minerals present at the time of a crustal rock’s formation
✓an important mineral in determining classification of a rock

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5
Q

The study of minerals and their properties (chemical and physical)

A

Mineralogy

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6
Q

2 Properties of Mineral

A

Chemical and Physical

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7
Q

Usually the property to identify minerals easily. It is the result of the way minerals absorb light

A

Color

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8
Q

Color of the mineral in powder form

A

Streak

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9
Q

Refers to the measure of the mineral’s resistance to scratching. Moh’s scale is used to identify this

A

Hardness

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10
Q

10 is the rate of hardness and 1 is the rate of softness

A

Moh’s Scale

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11
Q

Used to describe how minerals break into pieces

A

Cleavage and Fractures

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12
Q

Some minerals split along flat surfaces when struck hard

A

Cleavage

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13
Q

Other minerals break unevenly along rough or curved surfaces

A

Fracture

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14
Q

Crystal lattices; tells how a mineral’s crystal are arranged

A

Crystalline Structure

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15
Q

form regualr repeating 3D crystal lattice

A

Crystal Solid

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16
Q

forms aggregates that have particular order or arrangement

A

Amorphous Solid

17
Q

indicates the extent of light that can pass through the mineral

A

Transparency / Diaphaneity

18
Q

Ability of a mineral to attract or repel other minerals

19
Q

level of resistance or reaction of minerals to such as crushing, bending, breaking, or tearing

20
Q

Reaction of mineral to light to determine how brilliant or dull it is

21
Q

It shines like a metal

22
Q

They are shiny because they are transparent or semi-transparent

A

Non-Metallic

23
Q

A distinct smell of a mineral that is usually released from a chemical reaction when subjected to water, heat, air, or friction

24
Q

a measure of the density of a mineral

A

Specific Gravity

25
This classification was used in 1848 by who?
James Dwight Dana
26
8 Classes of Chemical Composition
Silicate, Carbonate, Sulphate, Halide, Oxide, Sulphide, Phosphate, And Native Element
27
A class that is largest and most abundant group containing Si and O with some Al, Mg, Fe, and Ca.
Silicate Class
28
A class mostly found deposited in marine environments.
Carbonate Class
29
forms in areas with high evaporation rates and where salty waters slowly evaporate
Sulphate Class
30
minerals containing halogen elements combined with one or more elements
Halide Class
31
A diverse class formed as precipitates close to Earth's surface or as oxidation products of minerals during the process of weathering
Oxide Class
32
A class that has important metals such as copper, lead and silver which are considered economically significant
Sulfide Class
33
A class that contains minerals with phosphorus. Considered as important biological mineral found in teeth and bones in many animals
Phosphate Class
34
A class that contains metals and intermetallic elements, semimetals nonmetals or natural alloys and constituents of a few rare meteorites
Native Element Class