Rocks

Question 1

What is a rock made of? 3 point answer

Answer 1

1. A mixture of minerals,
2. A mineral is a natural compound of two or more separate elements.
3. Minerals usually exist in rocks as crystals

Question 2

What compound is often in granite?

Give examples of what granite is used for?

Answer 2

Quartz in crystals

Work tops
Floor tiles
Driveways
Garden rockery

Question 3

What minerals are in sandstone?

Give examples of where we find sandstone?

Answer 3

Quartz
Feldspars of silicon, oxygen and other elements e.g. Potassium at Uluru

Beaches
Cliffs
Some buildings

Question 4

Name some common types of rock?

Answer 4

Granite
Sandstone
Limestone 
Diamond
Gold

Question 5

What is in limestone?

Answer 5

Calcite or calcium carbonate from ancient sea shells
Often quartz
Other minerals

Question 6

Name some everyday uses of rocks

Answer 6

Slate for roofs
Granite for roads and work tops
Diamonds for rings and jewellery
Limestone for tiles

Question 7

Minerals in rocks are in what form?

Answer 7

Crystals

Question 8

How many minerals are there on earth?

Answer 8

Around 5000 with the mist common known as rock building minerals

Question 9

What are the two most common minerals?

Answer 9

Quartz

Different types of Feldspar

Question 10

Name a famous rock with feldspar in?

Answer 10

Uluru in Australia

Question 11

What is the rock cycle?

Name and explain the seven stages?

Answer 11

1. Rocks broken up by weathering
2. Rivers carry stone and sand to the ocean
3. Sand and stones deposited on ocean floor to become sedimentary rock
4. Sedimentary rock forced into earths crust: heat and pressure make metamorphic rock
5. Some sinks deeper, melts into magma
6. Magma cools becomes igneous rock either below surface or at surface after volcano
7. Rocks are uplifted, reaches surface and process starts again

Question 12

What is weathering?

Answer 12

The breaking down or weakening of rock into smaller pieces e.g. Stones, sand and clay

Question 13

What are the two types of weathering?

Answer 13

Physical - the minerals in the rock don’t change

Chemical - minerals under go, chemical reactions and change

Question 14

Explain physical weathering?

Answer 14

1. Heating and cooling by sun making rock expand, contract and weaken
2. Freeze-thaw weathering - water in cracks freezes, and expands as ice, widens cracks, allows more water in, process repeats
3. Pressure drop: exfoliation - rocks deep down under pressure. As rocks above erode pressure reduces so rocks expand parallel to the surface and break off in layers
4. Living things - roots and burrowing widen cracks in rocks

Question 15

What are some examples of weathering?

Answer 15

1. Rain is acidic, reacts with calcium carbonate in limestone to erode it
2. Feldspars react with rain water to make clay
3. Quartz resists weathering to make sand
4. Lichen is a fungus which grows in cracks also making acid to erode rock